Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Amanita Pantherina Extracts by an Electrochemical Method

This study presents an innovative electrochemical method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate extracts of Amanita pantherina and evaluates their electrochemical properties and antibacterial activity. The electrochemical properties of the AgNPs are investigated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealing significant differences between the extracts. The oxidation current intensity for AgNPs synthesized using the ethanol extract (AgNP-ApENOL) is 9 μA, notably higher than those synthesized using water (AgNP-ApWTA) and ethyl acetate (AgNP-ApETA) extracts. Furthermore, the charge-transfer resistance and transport for AgNP-ApENOL are 2.5 and 2 times lower, respectively, compared to the other two extracts, suggesting enhanced electrochemical performance. In terms of antibacterial activity, AgNP-ApENOL exhibits the highest effectiveness, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.68 μg L⁻¹ for Staphylococcus aureus and 1.34 μg L⁻¹ for Escherichia coli, as well as the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 10.71 μg L⁻¹ for S. aureus and 5.36 μg L⁻¹ for E. coli. These results highlight the superior antibacterial activity of AgNP-ApENOL, making it a promising candidate for antibacterial applications.