评估种族和性别在青少年哮喘教育、知识和医疗保健获取方面的差异。

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 ALLERGY
Journal of Asthma and Allergy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/JAA.S525727
Alessia Abballe, Anna Forman, Kaitlyn E Jamet, Jyoti Pant
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:哮喘是青少年中最常见的慢性疾病,但其诊断和管理在种族和性别群体中存在差异。本研究旨在评估青少年的哮喘知识、意识和医疗保健获取,重点关注种族和性别差异。目标是确定哮喘教育和知识方面的差距,以及可能导致这些群体中哮喘诊断不足的其他障碍。患者和方法:本横断面调查包括10-18岁的青少年,通过质量分析收集反馈。总共选择了90名参与者,没有基于哮喘状况的限制。18岁以下的参与者获得了父母的书面知情同意书,而18岁的参与者根据IRB指南提供了自己的书面同意书。使用多项选择题和李克特量表评估参与者对哮喘症状、诱因和医疗保健获取的知识。分析了不同种族和性别群体在哮喘知识和医疗保健获取方面的人口统计学差异。结果:研究发现哮喘教育很少,只有8%的参与者报告之前接受过正规的哮喘教育。尽管如此,53.4%的参与者认为自己对哮喘有了解,59.5%的参与者可以识别三种或三种以上的哮喘症状,50.6%的参与者可以识别三种以上的哮喘诱因。种族差异明显,亚洲青少年的哮喘诊断率明显低于其他种族群体(6.5% vs 47.4%)。结论:本研究突出了哮喘教育、医疗保健可及性认知和求医行为方面的显著差异,特别是亚洲青少年和女性,并强调需要有针对性的干预措施来解决哮喘诊断和护理中的种族和性别差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessing Racial and Gender Disparities in Asthma Education, Knowledge, and Healthcare Access Among Adolescents.

Purpose: Asthma is the most common chronic disease among adolescents, yet disparities exist in its diagnosis and management across racial and gender groups. This study aims to assess asthma knowledge, awareness, and healthcare access among adolescents, with a focus on racial and gender disparities. The goal is to identify gaps in asthma education and knowledge, as well as other barriers that may contribute to the underdiagnosis of asthma within these groups.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional survey included adolescents aged 10-18 years, with responses collected through Qualtrics. A total of 90 participants were selected, with no restrictions based on asthma status. Written informed consent was obtained from parents of participants under 18, while participants who were 18 years old provided their own written consent in accordance with IRB guidelines. Participants' knowledge of asthma symptoms, triggers, and healthcare access was assessed using multiple-choice and Likert scale questions. Data were analyzed for demographic differences in asthma knowledge and healthcare access across racial and gender groups.

Results: The study found that asthma education was minimal, with only 8% of participants reporting prior formal asthma education. Despite this, 53.4% of participants considered themselves knowledgeable about asthma, 59.5% could identify three or more asthma symptoms, and 50.6% identified more than three triggers. Racial disparities were evident, with Asian adolescents having a significantly lower asthma diagnosis rate compared to other racial groups (6.5% vs 47.4%, P<0.01), a lower rate of self-reported asthma knowledge (45.1% vs 64.9%, P=0.08), and lower odds of finding healthcare access "extremely easy" (OR=0.179, 95% CI: 0.076-0.455, P=0.00018). Although there was no difference in the rate of previous asthma diagnoses, males were more likely to seek medical help compared to females (OR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.037-6.268, P=0.032).

Conclusion: This study highlights significant gaps in asthma education, perception of healthcare access, and healthcare seeking behaviour particularly among Asian adolescents and females, and underscores the need for targeted interventions to address racial and gender disparities in asthma diagnosis and care.

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来源期刊
Journal of Asthma and Allergy
Journal of Asthma and Allergy Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
185
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: An international, peer-reviewed journal publishing original research, reports, editorials and commentaries on the following topics: Asthma; Pulmonary physiology; Asthma related clinical health; Clinical immunology and the immunological basis of disease; Pharmacological interventions and new therapies. Although the main focus of the journal will be to publish research and clinical results in humans, preclinical, animal and in vitro studies will be published where they shed light on disease processes and potential new therapies.
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