{"title":"综合营养管理对玉米物候和生长性能的影响:埃塞俄比亚西北部的生物炭、蚯蚓堆肥和氮磷营养","authors":"Habtamu Tadele, Tesfaye Feyisa, Lewoye Tsegaye, Sintayehu Musie","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70158","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maize phenological and vegetative growth in the Nitisols of Burie District is hindered by issues such as high soil compaction (bulk density > 1.40 g cm<sup>−3</sup>), low total soil porosity (<50%), low total nitrogen (2.5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), low organic carbon (2.11%), strong acidity (pH 4.94), and very low available phosphorus (11.69 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). To address these challenges, a 2-year field experiment was conducted at Burie Campus research site in 2023–2024 and 2024–2025, Burie district, northwestern Ethiopia. The study evaluated the combined effects of inorganic N/P₂O₅ nutrients, maize cob biochar (BC), and vermicompost (VC) on the phenological and growth performance of maize. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment included three replications and three factors, each with three levels: (1) N/P₂O₅ nutrients (N₀P₀ [none], N₁P₁ [120/69 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>], and N₂P₂ [240/138 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>]); (2) BC (BC₀ [none], BC₁ [4 t ha<sup>−1</sup>], BC₂ [8 t ha<sup>−1</sup>]); and (3) VC rate (VC₀ [none], VC₁ [0.5 of the recommendation], VC₂ [full recommendation]). The results showed that a combined application of N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>2</sub>, and VC<sub>2</sub> led to earlier emergence (E) and phenological stages. Plants reached 50%E in just 8.13 days, 50% tasseling (T) in 95.28 days, and 50% silking (S) in 103.5 days. The maximum days to 50%E (10.69) were observed with N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, followed by N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub> (10.24 days). However, the longest days to 50%T were recorded from the control (101.7 days). Similar to days to 50%T, the longest days to get 50%S were recorded from the control plot (112.67). The tallest plant height (PH) at 30 days after emergence (DAE) (18.49 cm) was achieved with N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, BC₀, and VC<sub>2</sub>. At 60 DAE, the tallest PH (113.23 cm) was observed with N₂P₂, BC₀, and VC<sub>2</sub>. At 90 DAE, the maximum PH (296.3 cm) resulted from N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, BC₀, and VC<sub>1</sub>. In contrast, the shortest PHs of 11.10 cm, 44.05 cm, and 148.32 cm were recorded in the control plots at 30, 60, and 90 DAE, respectively. Based on 2 years data, at 30 DAE, the maximum number of leaves per plant (NLPP) (7.50) was documented from the combined application of N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>2</sub>, and VC<sub>2</sub>. While at 60 DAE, the maximum NLPP (12.80) was recorded from the combined application of N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>2</sub>, and VC<sub>0</sub>. At 90 DAE, the maximum NLPP (17.39) was obtained from the combined application of N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, BC<sub>1</sub>, and VC<sub>2</sub>. However, the lowest NLPP 5.35, 6.54, and 12.35 was documented from the control at 30, 60, and 90 DAE, respectively. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between days to 50% tasseling and silking (<i>r</i> = 0.86; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and between PH and the NLPP at 30 DAE (<i>r</i> = 0.84; <i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, the 2-year study showed that combining inorganic N/P₂O₅ nutrients, BC, and VC is beneficial for maize cultivation, especially during early growth stages. This integrated approach improved maize vegetative development and is recommended for use in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70158","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Integrated nutrient management for maize phenology and growth performance: Biochar, vermicompost, and N-P nutrients in northwestern Ethiopia\",\"authors\":\"Habtamu Tadele, Tesfaye Feyisa, Lewoye Tsegaye, Sintayehu Musie\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/agg2.70158\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Maize phenological and vegetative growth in the Nitisols of Burie District is hindered by issues such as high soil compaction (bulk density > 1.40 g cm<sup>−3</sup>), low total soil porosity (<50%), low total nitrogen (2.5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), low organic carbon (2.11%), strong acidity (pH 4.94), and very low available phosphorus (11.69 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). To address these challenges, a 2-year field experiment was conducted at Burie Campus research site in 2023–2024 and 2024–2025, Burie district, northwestern Ethiopia. The study evaluated the combined effects of inorganic N/P₂O₅ nutrients, maize cob biochar (BC), and vermicompost (VC) on the phenological and growth performance of maize. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment included three replications and three factors, each with three levels: (1) N/P₂O₅ nutrients (N₀P₀ [none], N₁P₁ [120/69 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>], and N₂P₂ [240/138 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>]); (2) BC (BC₀ [none], BC₁ [4 t ha<sup>−1</sup>], BC₂ [8 t ha<sup>−1</sup>]); and (3) VC rate (VC₀ [none], VC₁ [0.5 of the recommendation], VC₂ [full recommendation]). The results showed that a combined application of N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>2</sub>, and VC<sub>2</sub> led to earlier emergence (E) and phenological stages. Plants reached 50%E in just 8.13 days, 50% tasseling (T) in 95.28 days, and 50% silking (S) in 103.5 days. The maximum days to 50%E (10.69) were observed with N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, followed by N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub> (10.24 days). However, the longest days to 50%T were recorded from the control (101.7 days). Similar to days to 50%T, the longest days to get 50%S were recorded from the control plot (112.67). The tallest plant height (PH) at 30 days after emergence (DAE) (18.49 cm) was achieved with N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, BC₀, and VC<sub>2</sub>. At 60 DAE, the tallest PH (113.23 cm) was observed with N₂P₂, BC₀, and VC<sub>2</sub>. At 90 DAE, the maximum PH (296.3 cm) resulted from N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, BC₀, and VC<sub>1</sub>. In contrast, the shortest PHs of 11.10 cm, 44.05 cm, and 148.32 cm were recorded in the control plots at 30, 60, and 90 DAE, respectively. Based on 2 years data, at 30 DAE, the maximum number of leaves per plant (NLPP) (7.50) was documented from the combined application of N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>2</sub>, and VC<sub>2</sub>. While at 60 DAE, the maximum NLPP (12.80) was recorded from the combined application of N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>2</sub>, and VC<sub>0</sub>. At 90 DAE, the maximum NLPP (17.39) was obtained from the combined application of N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, BC<sub>1</sub>, and VC<sub>2</sub>. However, the lowest NLPP 5.35, 6.54, and 12.35 was documented from the control at 30, 60, and 90 DAE, respectively. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between days to 50% tasseling and silking (<i>r</i> = 0.86; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and between PH and the NLPP at 30 DAE (<i>r</i> = 0.84; <i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, the 2-year study showed that combining inorganic N/P₂O₅ nutrients, BC, and VC is beneficial for maize cultivation, especially during early growth stages. This integrated approach improved maize vegetative development and is recommended for use in the study area.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7567,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment\",\"volume\":\"8 3\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70158\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/agg2.70158\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRONOMY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/agg2.70158","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
玉米在Burie地区Nitisols土壤中的物候和营养生长受到高土壤压实(容重>;1.40 g cm−3),低总孔隙度(<50%),低总氮(2.5 g kg−1),低有机碳(2.11%),强酸性(pH值4.94),极低有效磷(11.69 mg kg−1)。为了应对这些挑战,研究人员于2023-2024年和2024-2025年在埃塞俄比亚西北部Burie地区的Burie校园研究地点进行了为期2年的现场实验。该研究评估了无机N/P₂O₅营养物,玉米芯生物炭(BC)和蚯蚓堆肥(VC)对玉米物候和生长性能的综合影响。随机完全区组设计(RCBD)试验包括3个重复和3个因素,每个因素有3个水平:(1)N/P₂O₅养分(N₀P₀[none], N₁P₁[120/69 kg ha - 1], N₂P₂[240/138 kg ha - 1]);(2)公元前(公元前₀[所有],公元前₁[4 t ha−1)公元前₂[8 t ha−1]);(3) VC率(VC 0[无]、VC 1[0.5推荐值]、VC 2[全推荐值])。结果表明,N2P2、BC2和VC2的联合施用可使羽化(E)和物候期提前。植株在8.13天内达到50%的e, 95.28天达到50%的抽雄,103.5天达到50%的出丝。N2P2达到50%E的时间最长,为10.69 d,其次是N1P1,为10.24 d。然而,从对照组到50%的时间最长(101.7天)。与达到50%T的天数相似,对照区达到50%S的最长天数为112.67天。N1P1、BC 0和VC2在出苗后30天最高株高(PH) (DAE)为18.49 cm。在60 DAE时,N₂P₂,BC 0和VC2的PH最高(113.23 cm)。在90 DAE时,最大PH (296.3 cm)来自N1P1, BC 0和VC1。对照区在30、60和90 DAE时ph值最短,分别为11.10 cm、44.05 cm和148.32 cm。根据2年的数据,在30 DAE时,N2P2、BC2和VC2联合施用的单株叶数(NLPP)最大(7.50)。而在60 DAE时,N2P2、BC2和VC0联合应用的NLPP最高(12.80)。在90 DAE时,N1P1、BC1和VC2联合应用获得最大NLPP(17.39)。然而,在30、60和90 DAE时,最低的NLPP分别为5.35、6.54和12.35。此外,抽雄天数至50%与出丝呈极显著正相关(r = 0.86;p & lt;0.01), 30 DAE时PH与NLPP之间(r = 0.84;p & lt;0.01)。总之,这项为期2年的研究表明,无机N/P₂O₅营养素,BC和VC的结合对玉米种植有益,特别是在生长早期。该综合方法促进了玉米的营养发育,建议在研究区推广使用。
Integrated nutrient management for maize phenology and growth performance: Biochar, vermicompost, and N-P nutrients in northwestern Ethiopia
Maize phenological and vegetative growth in the Nitisols of Burie District is hindered by issues such as high soil compaction (bulk density > 1.40 g cm−3), low total soil porosity (<50%), low total nitrogen (2.5 g kg−1), low organic carbon (2.11%), strong acidity (pH 4.94), and very low available phosphorus (11.69 mg kg−1). To address these challenges, a 2-year field experiment was conducted at Burie Campus research site in 2023–2024 and 2024–2025, Burie district, northwestern Ethiopia. The study evaluated the combined effects of inorganic N/P₂O₅ nutrients, maize cob biochar (BC), and vermicompost (VC) on the phenological and growth performance of maize. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment included three replications and three factors, each with three levels: (1) N/P₂O₅ nutrients (N₀P₀ [none], N₁P₁ [120/69 kg ha−1], and N₂P₂ [240/138 kg ha−1]); (2) BC (BC₀ [none], BC₁ [4 t ha−1], BC₂ [8 t ha−1]); and (3) VC rate (VC₀ [none], VC₁ [0.5 of the recommendation], VC₂ [full recommendation]). The results showed that a combined application of N2P2, BC2, and VC2 led to earlier emergence (E) and phenological stages. Plants reached 50%E in just 8.13 days, 50% tasseling (T) in 95.28 days, and 50% silking (S) in 103.5 days. The maximum days to 50%E (10.69) were observed with N2P2, followed by N1P1 (10.24 days). However, the longest days to 50%T were recorded from the control (101.7 days). Similar to days to 50%T, the longest days to get 50%S were recorded from the control plot (112.67). The tallest plant height (PH) at 30 days after emergence (DAE) (18.49 cm) was achieved with N1P1, BC₀, and VC2. At 60 DAE, the tallest PH (113.23 cm) was observed with N₂P₂, BC₀, and VC2. At 90 DAE, the maximum PH (296.3 cm) resulted from N1P1, BC₀, and VC1. In contrast, the shortest PHs of 11.10 cm, 44.05 cm, and 148.32 cm were recorded in the control plots at 30, 60, and 90 DAE, respectively. Based on 2 years data, at 30 DAE, the maximum number of leaves per plant (NLPP) (7.50) was documented from the combined application of N2P2, BC2, and VC2. While at 60 DAE, the maximum NLPP (12.80) was recorded from the combined application of N2P2, BC2, and VC0. At 90 DAE, the maximum NLPP (17.39) was obtained from the combined application of N1P1, BC1, and VC2. However, the lowest NLPP 5.35, 6.54, and 12.35 was documented from the control at 30, 60, and 90 DAE, respectively. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between days to 50% tasseling and silking (r = 0.86; p < 0.01) and between PH and the NLPP at 30 DAE (r = 0.84; p < 0.01). In conclusion, the 2-year study showed that combining inorganic N/P₂O₅ nutrients, BC, and VC is beneficial for maize cultivation, especially during early growth stages. This integrated approach improved maize vegetative development and is recommended for use in the study area.