Preferences for models of sexual health service delivery among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Australia: a discrete choice experiment

Introduction

Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study explores preferences for different models of sexual health services among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Australia, using discrete choice experiments (DCEs).

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023, targeting three groups: (1) gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with HIV; (2) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users; and (3) non-PrEP users. Participants were recruited through paid advertisements, sexual health clinics and community networks. The survey included demographic questions, sexual behaviour inquiries and three tailored DCEs to quantify preferences for service delivery attributes such as cost, type of clinic, appointment type, appointment frequency, extra services and where samples are taken for HIV/STI testing. We used latent class analyses to identify subgroups of people with similar preferences.

Results

We recruited 1422 participants. The median age was 41 (interquartile range [IQR]: 32–54) for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with HIV (N = 396), 35 (IQR: 29–45) for PrEP users (N = 436) and 33 (IQR: 26–44) for non-PrEP users (N = 590). In our latent class analyses, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with HIV preferred sexual health services to be delivered via sexual health clinics (46.2%), general practitioners (GP) with expertise in lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and others (LGBTQ+) health (33.0%) or were happy to go anywhere and to pay (20.7%). PrEP users preferred either PrEP-only clinics or GP with expertise in LGBTQ+ health (75.2%) and GP with expertise in LGBTQ+ health only (24.8%). Non-PrEP users preferred GP with expertise in LGBTQ+ health (44.7%) or any free service (22.8%); some did not want to test (22.2%) or were unsure of their preferences (10.2%).

Conclusions

To align service models with client needs, investment in specialist sexual health clinics and LGBTQ+ competent GPs is important, though this may depend on local resources and infrastructure. Future research should focus on addressing financial barriers, evaluating telehealth and digital health interventions, and understanding testing reluctance among non-PrEP users.