{"title":"冷日冕冷凝中的净辐射冷却速率和部分电离","authors":"S. Gunár, P. Heinzel, U. Anzer","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202553909","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<i>Aims.<i/> We provide tabulated net radiative cooling rates (NRCRs) in the plasma of cool coronal condensations, together with the electron densities and ionization degrees describing its partial ionization. These readily applicable rates result from combined effects of the radiative cooling and radiative heating in the dominant atomic transitions in hydrogen, Mg II , and Ca II .<i>Methods.<i/> These NRCRs represent realistic estimates based on 1D non-LTE (i.e. departures from the local thermodynamic equilibrium) radiative transfer modelling that uses 1D isothermal and isobaric prominence models. To construct easy-to-use NRCR tables, we employed the concept of voxels (volume pixels), which allowed us to incorporate the essential information about the location of the modelled plasma with respect to the source of illumination. We provide tabulated values of NRCRs, electron densities, and ionization degrees for a broad range of plasma parameters representing a wide variety of cool coronal condensations, such as prominences, cool coronal loops, spicules, jets, and coronal rain.<i>Results.<i/> The accuracy of the provided voxel-based NRCRs, when tested against non-LTE calculations, is high, often showing a difference of only a few per cent. However, in some cases, the differences increase by up to a factor of two, which is the consequence of the assumptions and simplifications adopted here. Despite such differences, the voxel-based NRCRs that incorporate both the optically thick and thin radiative processes are a significant improvement, compared to the optically thin radiative loss formulas, when dealing with the cool plasmas at temperatures below 30 000 K.<i>Conclusions.<i/> The provided NRCRs are tabulated for three different scenarios of the orientation of the modelled structure with respect to the source of illumination: (i) a vertical orientation where a surface receives illumination from one half of the solar disc, (ii) a horizontal orientation where the bottom surface receives illumination from the entire solar disc, and (iii) a horizontal orientation where the top surface does not receive any illumination from the solar disc. This allows the voxel-based NRCRs to be implemented even in complex multi-dimensional simulations of cool coronal condensations.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Net radiative cooling rates and partial ionization in cool coronal condensations\",\"authors\":\"S. Gunár, P. Heinzel, U. Anzer\",\"doi\":\"10.1051/0004-6361/202553909\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<i>Aims.<i/> We provide tabulated net radiative cooling rates (NRCRs) in the plasma of cool coronal condensations, together with the electron densities and ionization degrees describing its partial ionization. These readily applicable rates result from combined effects of the radiative cooling and radiative heating in the dominant atomic transitions in hydrogen, Mg II , and Ca II .<i>Methods.<i/> These NRCRs represent realistic estimates based on 1D non-LTE (i.e. departures from the local thermodynamic equilibrium) radiative transfer modelling that uses 1D isothermal and isobaric prominence models. To construct easy-to-use NRCR tables, we employed the concept of voxels (volume pixels), which allowed us to incorporate the essential information about the location of the modelled plasma with respect to the source of illumination. We provide tabulated values of NRCRs, electron densities, and ionization degrees for a broad range of plasma parameters representing a wide variety of cool coronal condensations, such as prominences, cool coronal loops, spicules, jets, and coronal rain.<i>Results.<i/> The accuracy of the provided voxel-based NRCRs, when tested against non-LTE calculations, is high, often showing a difference of only a few per cent. However, in some cases, the differences increase by up to a factor of two, which is the consequence of the assumptions and simplifications adopted here. Despite such differences, the voxel-based NRCRs that incorporate both the optically thick and thin radiative processes are a significant improvement, compared to the optically thin radiative loss formulas, when dealing with the cool plasmas at temperatures below 30 000 K.<i>Conclusions.<i/> The provided NRCRs are tabulated for three different scenarios of the orientation of the modelled structure with respect to the source of illumination: (i) a vertical orientation where a surface receives illumination from one half of the solar disc, (ii) a horizontal orientation where the bottom surface receives illumination from the entire solar disc, and (iii) a horizontal orientation where the top surface does not receive any illumination from the solar disc. This allows the voxel-based NRCRs to be implemented even in complex multi-dimensional simulations of cool coronal condensations.\",\"PeriodicalId\":8571,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Astronomy & Astrophysics\",\"volume\":\"27 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Astronomy & Astrophysics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553909\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553909","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Net radiative cooling rates and partial ionization in cool coronal condensations
Aims. We provide tabulated net radiative cooling rates (NRCRs) in the plasma of cool coronal condensations, together with the electron densities and ionization degrees describing its partial ionization. These readily applicable rates result from combined effects of the radiative cooling and radiative heating in the dominant atomic transitions in hydrogen, Mg II , and Ca II .Methods. These NRCRs represent realistic estimates based on 1D non-LTE (i.e. departures from the local thermodynamic equilibrium) radiative transfer modelling that uses 1D isothermal and isobaric prominence models. To construct easy-to-use NRCR tables, we employed the concept of voxels (volume pixels), which allowed us to incorporate the essential information about the location of the modelled plasma with respect to the source of illumination. We provide tabulated values of NRCRs, electron densities, and ionization degrees for a broad range of plasma parameters representing a wide variety of cool coronal condensations, such as prominences, cool coronal loops, spicules, jets, and coronal rain.Results. The accuracy of the provided voxel-based NRCRs, when tested against non-LTE calculations, is high, often showing a difference of only a few per cent. However, in some cases, the differences increase by up to a factor of two, which is the consequence of the assumptions and simplifications adopted here. Despite such differences, the voxel-based NRCRs that incorporate both the optically thick and thin radiative processes are a significant improvement, compared to the optically thin radiative loss formulas, when dealing with the cool plasmas at temperatures below 30 000 K.Conclusions. The provided NRCRs are tabulated for three different scenarios of the orientation of the modelled structure with respect to the source of illumination: (i) a vertical orientation where a surface receives illumination from one half of the solar disc, (ii) a horizontal orientation where the bottom surface receives illumination from the entire solar disc, and (iii) a horizontal orientation where the top surface does not receive any illumination from the solar disc. This allows the voxel-based NRCRs to be implemented even in complex multi-dimensional simulations of cool coronal condensations.
期刊介绍:
Astronomy & Astrophysics is an international Journal that publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics (theoretical, observational, and instrumental) independently of the techniques used to obtain the results.