Minimally invasive in situ bone extraction–implant implantation–bone augmentation by robot: a case report

Objective

To present a technical process for robot-assisted, minimally invasive bone extraction–implant implantation–bone augmentation in patients with bone defects or bone atrophy.

Method

In this technical process, the surgical trajectory was preplanned within the robotic system. After patient registration and completion of robotic arm calibration, precise movement of the robotic arm enabled minimally invasive bone extraction using a trephine, followed by reaming with a single spiral drill. The final placement of implants was conducted manually. Autologous bone, bone marrow blood, and Bio-Oss granular bone were collectively mixed for grafting into the defect area, accompanied with collagen membrane coverage and subsequent suturing.

Result

The osteotomy of autologous bone was precisely executed. Meanwhile, the accuracy of implant placement was clinically acceptable. The bone graft surgery was successfully completed without any significant postoperative complications. The vertical and lateral forces exerted by the robotic arm during drilling were within an acceptable range. The robotic surgery exhibited consistent stability throughout its operation and demonstrated a relatively short drilling time.

Conclusion

The novel protocol enabled precise osteotomy of autologous bone and enhanced bone grafting in patients with bone defects or atrophy. However, further clinical studies are necessary.

Clinical significance

The primary finding of this study is a promising alternative for individuals suffering from bone defects or bone atrophy.