{"title":"在线鼻整形信息的质量和可读性:一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。","authors":"Antoinette T Nguyen, Rena A Li, Robert D Galiano","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004441","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients increasingly rely on online resources for rhinoplasty education, yet the readability and reliability of these materials remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the quality and accessibility of online rhinoplasty-related patient education materials using DISCERN scores for reliability and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level for readability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search identified 12 studies analyzing 882 websites and 259 videos. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored differences in information quality by source type and publication year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled mean DISCERN score across 5 studies (n = 197) was 42.96 (95% confidence interval: 36.28-49.63), indicating moderate quality. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 93.8%, Q = 80.43, P < 0.0001), reflecting inconsistencies in study methodologies and content sources. Academic websites trended toward higher quality (mean DISCERN: 43.36) than private websites (36.40), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.05906). Readability analysis (n = 95) showed a pooled Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 10.31 (95% confidence interval: 10.26-10.37), well above the recommended 6th-8th grade level. Heterogeneity was minimal (I2 = 0.0%, Q = 0.84, P = 0.3597), suggesting consistently excessive readability demands. No significant improvements in information quality were observed over time (pre-2020 DISCERN: 42.04 vs post-2020: 43.81; P = 0.8272).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Online rhinoplasty materials remain difficult to read and of suboptimal quality, with no meaningful improvements over time. Standardized, accessible, and high-quality patient education resources are needed to support informed decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Quality and Readability of Online Rhinoplasty Information: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Antoinette T Nguyen, Rena A Li, Robert D Galiano\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004441\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients increasingly rely on online resources for rhinoplasty education, yet the readability and reliability of these materials remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the quality and accessibility of online rhinoplasty-related patient education materials using DISCERN scores for reliability and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level for readability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search identified 12 studies analyzing 882 websites and 259 videos. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored differences in information quality by source type and publication year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled mean DISCERN score across 5 studies (n = 197) was 42.96 (95% confidence interval: 36.28-49.63), indicating moderate quality. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 93.8%, Q = 80.43, P < 0.0001), reflecting inconsistencies in study methodologies and content sources. Academic websites trended toward higher quality (mean DISCERN: 43.36) than private websites (36.40), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.05906). Readability analysis (n = 95) showed a pooled Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 10.31 (95% confidence interval: 10.26-10.37), well above the recommended 6th-8th grade level. Heterogeneity was minimal (I2 = 0.0%, Q = 0.84, P = 0.3597), suggesting consistently excessive readability demands. No significant improvements in information quality were observed over time (pre-2020 DISCERN: 42.04 vs post-2020: 43.81; P = 0.8272).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Online rhinoplasty materials remain difficult to read and of suboptimal quality, with no meaningful improvements over time. Standardized, accessible, and high-quality patient education resources are needed to support informed decision making.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8060,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of Plastic Surgery\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of Plastic Surgery\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004441\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"SURGERY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004441","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"SURGERY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Quality and Readability of Online Rhinoplasty Information: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Background: Patients increasingly rely on online resources for rhinoplasty education, yet the readability and reliability of these materials remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the quality and accessibility of online rhinoplasty-related patient education materials using DISCERN scores for reliability and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level for readability.
Methods: A systematic search identified 12 studies analyzing 882 websites and 259 videos. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored differences in information quality by source type and publication year.
Results: The pooled mean DISCERN score across 5 studies (n = 197) was 42.96 (95% confidence interval: 36.28-49.63), indicating moderate quality. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 93.8%, Q = 80.43, P < 0.0001), reflecting inconsistencies in study methodologies and content sources. Academic websites trended toward higher quality (mean DISCERN: 43.36) than private websites (36.40), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.05906). Readability analysis (n = 95) showed a pooled Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 10.31 (95% confidence interval: 10.26-10.37), well above the recommended 6th-8th grade level. Heterogeneity was minimal (I2 = 0.0%, Q = 0.84, P = 0.3597), suggesting consistently excessive readability demands. No significant improvements in information quality were observed over time (pre-2020 DISCERN: 42.04 vs post-2020: 43.81; P = 0.8272).
Conclusions: Online rhinoplasty materials remain difficult to read and of suboptimal quality, with no meaningful improvements over time. Standardized, accessible, and high-quality patient education resources are needed to support informed decision making.
期刊介绍:
The only independent journal devoted to general plastic and reconstructive surgery, Annals of Plastic Surgery serves as a forum for current scientific and clinical advances in the field and a sounding board for ideas and perspectives on its future. The journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles, brief communications, case reports, and notes in all areas of interest to the practicing plastic surgeon. There are also historical and current reviews, descriptions of surgical technique, and lively editorials and letters to the editor.