S Andrew Samborski, Neal ElAttrache, Steven Karnyski, Brooke Bergeron, Karen Ladnier, Michael Banffy
{"title":"2021年MLB异物政策对投手受伤率和统计数据的影响。","authors":"S Andrew Samborski, Neal ElAttrache, Steven Karnyski, Brooke Bergeron, Karen Ladnier, Michael Banffy","doi":"10.1177/23259671251346984","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented a new foreign substance policy in June 2021. The effect of the new policy on pitcher injuries, wild pitches, hit batters, and pitching statistics is unknown.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effect of the new foreign substance policy regarding grip enhancement before and after its implementation on pitcher injury rate, wild pitches, hit batters, base on balls, strikeouts (SO), and home runs (HR).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MLB pitchers from the 2019 season were retrospectively compared with the pitchers from the 2022 season. Data were retrospectively collected on injuries and pitching statistics utilizing publicly available data. Primary outcome measures included pitcher injury rate, wild pitches, and hit batters. Secondary outcome measures included base on balls, SO, and HR. A nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was utilized for computing <i>P</i> values when comparing unadjusted non-normally distributed continuous outcomes and covariates between 2019 and 2022, which was adjusted for number of batters faced using either a linear regression model for adjusting means or a quantile regression model for adjusting medians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 828 pitchers in the 2019 season and 867 pitchers in the 2022 season were evaluated and included in this analysis. Pitcher overall injury rate per 1000 batters faced, hit batters, and SO did not show a statistical difference (<i>P</i> > .05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the adjusted number of wild pitches (2.9 vs 2.51; <i>P =</i> .04), adjusted earned run average (ERA) (4.51 vs 3.75; <i>P</i> < .01), adjusted base on balls (22.6 vs 21.1; <i>P =</i> .04), and adjusted HR (8.1 vs 6.1; <i>P</i> < .01) between the 2019 and 2022 seasons (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that the effect of MLB policy enforcement regarding grip enhancement did not demonstrate a change in pitcher injury rate, hit batters, or SO; however, there was a significant decrease in wild pitches, ERA, and base on balls. As a result, the new policy appears to maintain previous injury rate and pitching statistics while attempting to control for foreign substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19646,"journal":{"name":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 6","pages":"23259671251346984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205203/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Effect of the 2021 MLB Foreign Substance Policy on Pitcher Injury Rates and Statistics.\",\"authors\":\"S Andrew Samborski, Neal ElAttrache, Steven Karnyski, Brooke Bergeron, Karen Ladnier, Michael Banffy\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/23259671251346984\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented a new foreign substance policy in June 2021. The effect of the new policy on pitcher injuries, wild pitches, hit batters, and pitching statistics is unknown.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effect of the new foreign substance policy regarding grip enhancement before and after its implementation on pitcher injury rate, wild pitches, hit batters, base on balls, strikeouts (SO), and home runs (HR).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MLB pitchers from the 2019 season were retrospectively compared with the pitchers from the 2022 season. Data were retrospectively collected on injuries and pitching statistics utilizing publicly available data. Primary outcome measures included pitcher injury rate, wild pitches, and hit batters. Secondary outcome measures included base on balls, SO, and HR. A nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was utilized for computing <i>P</i> values when comparing unadjusted non-normally distributed continuous outcomes and covariates between 2019 and 2022, which was adjusted for number of batters faced using either a linear regression model for adjusting means or a quantile regression model for adjusting medians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 828 pitchers in the 2019 season and 867 pitchers in the 2022 season were evaluated and included in this analysis. Pitcher overall injury rate per 1000 batters faced, hit batters, and SO did not show a statistical difference (<i>P</i> > .05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the adjusted number of wild pitches (2.9 vs 2.51; <i>P =</i> .04), adjusted earned run average (ERA) (4.51 vs 3.75; <i>P</i> < .01), adjusted base on balls (22.6 vs 21.1; <i>P =</i> .04), and adjusted HR (8.1 vs 6.1; <i>P</i> < .01) between the 2019 and 2022 seasons (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that the effect of MLB policy enforcement regarding grip enhancement did not demonstrate a change in pitcher injury rate, hit batters, or SO; however, there was a significant decrease in wild pitches, ERA, and base on balls. As a result, the new policy appears to maintain previous injury rate and pitching statistics while attempting to control for foreign substance use.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19646,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine\",\"volume\":\"13 6\",\"pages\":\"23259671251346984\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205203/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671251346984\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/6/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ORTHOPEDICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671251346984","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)于2021年6月实施了新的异物政策。新政策对投手受伤、野球、安打者、投球数据的影响还不得而知。目的:探讨新异物政策实施前后对投手伤病率、野球率、安打率、上垒率、三振率、全垒打率的影响。研究设计:描述性流行病学研究。方法:对2019赛季MLB投手与2022赛季MLB投手进行回顾性比较。数据回顾性收集的伤病和投球统计数据利用公开可用的数据。主要结果测量包括投手受伤率、野球和打击者。次要结局指标包括基线球、SO和HR。在比较2019年至2022年未调整的非正态分布连续结果和协变量时,使用非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验计算P值,并使用线性回归模型调整均值或分位数回归模型调整中位数来调整面临的殴打者数量。结果:共评估了2019赛季的828名投手和2022赛季的867名投手并将其纳入分析。投手整体受伤率每1000个击球手面对、击中击球手和SO没有统计学差异(P < 0.05)。在调整后的野球数上有统计学上的显著减少(2.9 vs 2.51;P = .04),调整失分自责分率(4.51 vs 3.75;P < 0.01),调整基础球(22.6 vs 21.1;P = .04),调整后的HR (8.1 vs 6.1;P < 0.01) (P < 0.05)。结论:我们的研究表明,美国职业棒球大联盟政策执行对握力增强的影响并没有显示投手受伤率,打击者或SO的变化;然而,野球、平均失分、安打数却明显减少。因此,新政策似乎维持了之前的受伤率和投球数据,同时试图控制外来物质的使用。
The Effect of the 2021 MLB Foreign Substance Policy on Pitcher Injury Rates and Statistics.
Background: Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented a new foreign substance policy in June 2021. The effect of the new policy on pitcher injuries, wild pitches, hit batters, and pitching statistics is unknown.
Purpose: To determine the effect of the new foreign substance policy regarding grip enhancement before and after its implementation on pitcher injury rate, wild pitches, hit batters, base on balls, strikeouts (SO), and home runs (HR).
Study design: Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods: MLB pitchers from the 2019 season were retrospectively compared with the pitchers from the 2022 season. Data were retrospectively collected on injuries and pitching statistics utilizing publicly available data. Primary outcome measures included pitcher injury rate, wild pitches, and hit batters. Secondary outcome measures included base on balls, SO, and HR. A nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was utilized for computing P values when comparing unadjusted non-normally distributed continuous outcomes and covariates between 2019 and 2022, which was adjusted for number of batters faced using either a linear regression model for adjusting means or a quantile regression model for adjusting medians.
Results: In total, 828 pitchers in the 2019 season and 867 pitchers in the 2022 season were evaluated and included in this analysis. Pitcher overall injury rate per 1000 batters faced, hit batters, and SO did not show a statistical difference (P > .05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the adjusted number of wild pitches (2.9 vs 2.51; P = .04), adjusted earned run average (ERA) (4.51 vs 3.75; P < .01), adjusted base on balls (22.6 vs 21.1; P = .04), and adjusted HR (8.1 vs 6.1; P < .01) between the 2019 and 2022 seasons (P < .05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that the effect of MLB policy enforcement regarding grip enhancement did not demonstrate a change in pitcher injury rate, hit batters, or SO; however, there was a significant decrease in wild pitches, ERA, and base on balls. As a result, the new policy appears to maintain previous injury rate and pitching statistics while attempting to control for foreign substance use.
期刊介绍:
The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM), developed by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), is a global, peer-reviewed, open access journal that combines the interests of researchers and clinical practitioners across orthopaedic sports medicine, arthroscopy, and knee arthroplasty.
Topics include original research in the areas of:
-Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, including surgical and nonsurgical treatment of orthopaedic sports injuries
-Arthroscopic Surgery (Shoulder/Elbow/Wrist/Hip/Knee/Ankle/Foot)
-Relevant translational research
-Sports traumatology/epidemiology
-Knee and shoulder arthroplasty
The OJSM also publishes relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).