InsectTFDB: A Comprehensive Database and Analysis Platform for Insect Transcription Factors.

Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of gene expression, driving diverse biological processes in insects. Despite their importance, a dedicated and comprehensive database for insect TFs has been lacking. To address this gap, we developed InsectTFDB (http://www.insecttfdb.com/), a specialised resource encompassing 1796 insect species across 21 orders, 258 families and 1034 genera. From 59,491,033 predicted proteins, we identified 1,570,627 TFs, systematically classified into six structural groups and annotated using multiple approaches. Approximately 87% of these TFs were successfully annotated to known proteins, enhancing their functional interpretability. InsectTFDB offers a user-friendly interface with four functional modules, including tools for species retrieval, TF exploration, sequence alignment and predictive analysis of novel sequences. These features make it a versatile platform for diverse research applications, from evolutionary studies to functional genomics and pest management. By providing unprecedented taxonomic coverage and reliable annotations, InsectTFDB serves as a critical resource for advancing our understanding of transcriptional regulation and gene regulatory networks across the insects.