Exploring experiences of healthcare and clinical challenges for Deaf people: for better healthcare equity! A mixed-methods study protocol.

Introduction: China is home to the world's largest deaf population, yet there remains a dearth of knowledge regarding the healthcare experiences and challenges encountered by this community, as well as the factors influencing their healthcare encounters. This protocol will outline a mixed-methods study aimed at gaining comprehensive insights into the healthcare experiences and challenges faced by the Deaf population in China.

Methods and analysis: This study will adopt a mixed research design strategy in relation to the cultural context of the Deaf population. The first stage is a quantitative study, using a cross-sectional survey to investigate the current situation of the healthcare experience of the Deaf population in China. Important factors influencing the healthcare experience of the Deaf population and the pathways through which the factors interact will be validated through structural equation modelling. The second phase of the qualitative research will involve face-to-face semistructured interviews with members of the Deaf population using purposive and maximum variance sampling techniques to gain insights into their experiences of healthcare and clinical challenges they may have encountered. The interview data will be thematically summarised, organised and analysed based on the socioecological theoretical framework and Colaizzi's phenomenological 7-step analysis. A triangulation strategy will be used to integrate the experiences and perceptions of the Deaf population regarding healthcare across micro, meso and macro levels within the framework of social ecological theory.

Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Nursing Hangzhou Normal University (ethic ID: 2023-083). All the participants will sign written informed consent forms. This study will be conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. Findings of this work will be written for peer-reviewed publications and disseminated at international nursing conferences. Data related to this study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request after completing this study.