Progress in nutrient dynamics of green tide in the Yellow Sea of China

The green tide outbreak of Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) in the Yellow Sea of China is one of the most significant green tide disasters worldwide. The abundant nutrients in the Yellow Sea provide the essential material basis for these outbreaks, as U. prolifera rapidly absorbs and stores these nutrients. Recent studies have identified genes in the U. prolifera genome that encode inorganic nitrogen transport proteins, and the nitrogen metabolism pathway of U. prolifera has been elucidated. This paper reviews the sources of nutrients in the Yellow Sea, analyzes their impact on the physiology of U. prolifera, and explores their influence on U. prolifera gene expression. Additionally, the study utilizes CiteSpace software to summarize research hotspots and trends related to nutrient. Based on these insights, the paper offers suggestions and prospects for future research directions, aiming to contribute new ideas for predicting, preventing, and controlling green tide outbreaks.