RA-QoS: a robust autoencoder-based QoS predictor for highly accurate web service QoS prediction.

Web services are fundamental for online service-oriented applications, where accurately predicting quality of service (QoS) is critical for recommending optimal services among multiple candidates. Since QoS data often contains noise-stemming from factors like remote user or service locations-current deep neural network (DNN)-based QoS predictors, which generally rely on L2-norm loss functions, face limitations in robustness due to sensitivity to outliers. To address this issue, we propose a novel robust autoencoder-based QoS predictor (RA-QoS) that leverages a hybrid loss function combining bias, training bias, L1-norm and L2-norm to build a robust Autoencoder. This hybrid approach allows RA-QoS to better handle noisy data, minimizing the impact of outliers and biases on prediction accuracy. The RA-QoS model further incorporates preprocessing and training biases, improving its adaptability to real-world QoS data. To evaluate the proposed RA-QoS predictor, extensive experiments are conducted on two real-world QoS datasets. The results demonstrate that our RA-QoS predictor exhibits superior robustness to outliers and higher accuracy in QoS prediction compared to the related state-of-the-art models.