Next-generation battery energy management systems in electric vehicles: An overview of artificial intelligence

This article proposes a comprehensive overview of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and its subsets-machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in next-generation battery energy management systems (BEMS) for electric vehicles (EVs). Next-generation BEMS has gained close attention from professionals in the energy sectors due to monitoring voltage and current, estimating charge and discharge, equalizing and protecting the battery, managing temperature conditions, and managing battery data analytics. The discussion also highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with AI-based BEMS, considering efficiency, energy management, reliability, control, and life factors. Finally, the article discusses several other potential disruptive impacts of AI-enabled BEMSs for next-generation EVs. The article also highlights key challenges and critically analyzes recent research efforts and open gaps in BEMS.