Tremor Asymmetry and the Development of Bilateral Phase-Specific Deep Brain Stimulation for Postural Tremor.

Background: Tremor phase-locked deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to modulate symptom severity in postural tremor, including essential and dystonic tremor, with less energy than existing systems. Previous studies focused on unilateral stimulation; it remains unknown how tremor asymmetry interacts with stimulation in the context of bilateral phase-locked DBS.

Methods: Archival limb acceleration from nine essential tremor patients was analyzed for asymmetries in tremor amplitude, frequency, and instability, and their relationship with continuous high-frequency DBS (cDBS). Bilateral phase-locked DBS was tested in one essential tremor and one dystonic tremor patient.

Results: Postural tremor is asymmetric, with larger tremor power linked to smaller amplitude and frequency stability in one hand. These asymmetries were significantly reduced during cDBS, with greater effects on larger amplitude tremors. Bilateral phasic DBS effects were also asymmetric.

Conclusions: This study enhances understanding of tremor asymmetry and its relationship with DBS, offering insights for patient-specific tremor treatments. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.