Management of Alzheimer's Disease With Nanotechnological Interventions and Novel Therapeutics

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive deterioration, β-amyloid plaque buildup, intracellular tangles, and significant neuronal loss. The increasing prevalence of AD, along with its substantial economic burden, underscores the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies in the near future. The challenge is early diagnosis and management, hindered by the lack of reliable biomarkers. Currently, there is no definitive cure for AD. Attaining improved therapeutic outcomes necessitates delivering optimal drug concentrations to the central nervous system (CNS) by effectively penetrating the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge, enhancing brain-targeted drug delivery while highlighting recent advancements and future potential. Additionally, novel targeted therapies such as genetic therapeutics, stem cell therapy, and immunotherapy approaches overcome AD-based challenges, enhance treatment efficacy, and improve patient compliance. This review highlights recent advancements in the treatment of AD, focusing on nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and also explores genetic therapeutics, stem cell therapy, and immunotherapy approaches. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of these therapeutic approaches, shedding light on the evolving landscape of AD treatment and the challenges that lie ahead.