The Ross/Ross-Konno operation in neonates and infants: A salvage strategy and a durable repair

Objective

To review a single-center experience of the Ross operation in neonates and infants with severe aortic valve disease.

Methods

Retrospective review identified patients younger than age 1 year who underwent Ross operation between 2010 and 2024. Primary outcome was cumulative incidence of death with transplant as a competing risk. Early and midterm outcomes were analyzed, including postoperative complications and reinterventions. A subgroup analysis of patients who remained hospitalized until Ross procedure was performed. Median follow-up was 5.7 years (interquartile range, 2.9-8.8. years).

Results

Twenty-nine patients (5 neonates and 24 infants) underwent the Ross operation, 24 (82.8%) of whom had a Konno procedure. Median age was 3.5 months (interquartile range, 1.1-5.7 months). Median weight was 4.9 kg (interquartile range, 3.9-6.0 kg). Five patients (27.2%) were born with isolated critical aortic stenosis, whereas 24 patients had other complex left-sided lesions. Twenty-five patients (86.2%) had prior aortic or aortic valve procedures: 14 balloon valvuloplasty, 3 open valvotomy, 1 surgical valve repair, 8 interrupted arch repairs, 5 coarctation or arch repairs, and 2 subaortic stenosis repairs. A subset (n = 11) could not be discharged from the hospital, mostly due to residual valve disease after balloon dilation, and underwent salvage Ross. Nineteen patients (65.5%) had concomitant operations. There was 1 in-hospital and 1 late mortality. Two patients required transplant. At follow-up, 1 patient had moderate or greater neoaortic insufficiency requiring reintervention.

Conclusions

The Ross operation can be performed in neonates and infants with excellent midterm outcomes. This operation can be safely offered as an exit strategy in neonates and infants with residual aortic valve disease who are unable to be discharged.