On the Learning, Transmission, and Embodiment of Swimming's Haptic Grammar.

This article develops the concept of 'haptic grammar' to encourage greater scholarly focus on the sensory aspects of bodily motion used to generate movement, knowledge of one's body in an environment, and thus being-in-the-world. It ethnographically examines how swimmers learn specific motions - 'the catch', sculling, hand entry - to illustrate broader questions of how we learn to move our bodies. Focusing on these specific motions emphasises the importance of shared sensory knowledge and perception for learning enskilled bodily movement. More than simply knowing what to move when and how, learning how to sense how one moves one's body parts is a crucial social process that swimmers become more skilful at via interlocutions among themselves and with their coaches regarding specific motions of specific body parts. This article illustrates how such socialised knowledge requires a shared haptic grammar to become more skilful at moving through the water and thus become 'swimmers'.