The role of hydrocyclone and induced gas flotation technologies in offshore produced water deoiling advancements

Produced water, a byproduct of oil and gas extraction, presents significant environmental challenges if not properly treated. This review focuses on advancements in two primary offshore deoiling technologies, namely: induced gas flotation and hydrocyclones, tracing their evolution from the 1940s to the present. The study provides a detailed comparison of these technologies in terms of efficiency, energy consumption, and waste generation, offering both qualitative and quantitative assessments. Particular attention is given to the integration of hydrocyclone-induced gas flotation (HIGF) systems, which enhance oil removal efficiency while reducing energy consumption, making them an important solution in offshore produced water management. Additionally, the review identifies specific design improvements in flotation units, such as multistage configurations, and explores the role of operational control in optimizing hydrocyclone performance. Global variations in produced water discharge standards are examined, emphasising the need for stricter environmental regulations. In addition, this study highlights the combined use of hydrocyclone and flotation technologies as a comprehensive approach for addressing both environmental and operational challenges in offshore produced water treatment.