Characterization of mixing in turbulent jet with off-source heating

Jets with volumetric off-source heating are studied due to their resemblance to Cumulus clouds, where droplet condensation leads to diabatic heating of updrafts. This study investigates the effects of volumetric heating on jet dynamics through large eddy simulations, focusing on acceleration, velocity, concentration widths, and mass flux behavior under varying Richardson (Ri) numbers. The results reveal that heating accelerates the jet, with the lowest Ri number exhibiting the smallest acceleration and the farthest location of acceleration. Whereas the velocity and concentration widths decrease with heating, the mass flux increases with Ri, influenced by the choice of length scale for calculations. The radial velocity and the entrainment coefficient ($\alpha$) increase with the heating rate, and the axial and radial turbulent intensities rise, confirming no re-laminarization within the studied parameters. The temperature field shows a flattened Gaussian profile for the lowest Ri, reverting to the Gaussian post-heated interaction zone (HIZ). In contrast, the maximum axial temperature is achieved for the lowest Ri case due to reduced mixing at higher Ri values. No evidence of detrainment is observed.