Retreatment With Anti-CD38-Based Combinations in Multiple Myeloma in Real-Life: Results From the Emmy Cohort Study.

Introduction: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (aCD38) are increasingly used in early lines of therapies in multiple myeloma (MM). Retreatment with aCD38-based regimen is a widely used practice in later lines. However, data coming from clinical trials are currently limited. EMMY is a noninterventional, prospective dynamic cohort study conducted in 73 centers in France to assess the real-life management of MM in France and which can explore the efficacy of aCD38-based retreatment.

Methods: Patients who initiated a second line of treatment with aCD38-based combinations after a first exposure to aCD38 were identified and described and the outcomes of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated.

Results: In the EMMY cohort, 286 patients received 2 lines of treatment including aCD38. For all aCD38-retreated patients, median PFS was estimated at 5.1 months. Median PFS was 23.6 m in patients sensitive to aCD38 and 4.6 in nonsensitive patients, P = .0003. Median OS was estimated at 17.3 months for all patients,14.8 months in patients nonsensitive to aCD38, and not reached (NR) in sensitive patients, P = .0004. No significant differences in PFS or OS were observed between the refractory and nonrefractory to aCD38 groups.

Conclusion: These results of aCD38 retreatment in a large sample of real-life patients (n = 286) in extensively pretreated patients show that retreatment may be a meaningful strategy for aCD38 sensitive patients. These findings need to be investigated further while the use of aCD38 is emerging as a first-line treatment for newly diagnosed patients.