Mental health, quality of life, and occupational balance among taxi drivers in Spain and Chile: A cross-cultural study

Introduction

Taxi drivers are a vital component of urban mobility but face significant health risks from adverse working conditions, including prolonged periods of sitting, sedentary behavior, and exposure to pollutants. These factors contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular issues, respiratory problems, and mental health challenges like anxiety and depression. Occupational Balance (OB) is crucial for maintaining health, yet its impact on quality of life (QoL) is underexplored. This study examines the relationships between QoL, mental health, and OB among taxi drivers in Zaragoza, Spain, and Valparaíso, Chile.

Methodology

An observational study was conducted with 174 taxi drivers (117 from Spain and 57 from Chile). Data were collected using an ad hoc questionnaire, the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ-E), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Sociodemographic details, QoL, stress, anxiety, and depression levels were analysed. Multivariate regression identified associations between QoL components and predictors such as financial situation, stress, anxiety, depression, and OB.

Results

Spanish taxi drivers reported better physical function and physical health than their Chilean counterparts, while Chilean drivers scored higher in vitality, social function, and mental health. Stress was a significant predictor of poorer mental health in both countries, with odds of 4.49 in Chile and 3.90 in Spain. Anxiety impacted both QoL components in Chile, whereas in Spain, financial situation and depression were key determinants. Chilean drivers had better overall OB compared to Spanish drivers.

Conclusions

Stress, anxiety, and depression significantly impact taxi drivers' health in both countries, with financial perception particularly influencing Spanish drivers. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive stress management and socio-economic interventions to improve the well-being of taxi drivers. This study offers new insights into the occupational health of taxi drivers across different cultural contexts, emphasizing areas for targeted policy and health interventions.