从表现到预后:一例由弗氏柠檬酸杆菌引起的多灶性脑微脓肿。

Q3 Medicine
European journal of case reports in internal medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.12890/2025_005290
Varsha Nandwana, Liam M Cleary, Thomas V Kodankandath
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引用次数: 0

摘要

弗氏柠檬酸杆菌是一种罕见的中枢神经系统(CNS)感染的原因,主要影响新生儿。在成人中,病例并不常见,而且往往与高死亡率有关。病例描述:我们描述了一个患有多种合并症的成年男性,他表现为便秘、恶心和呕吐,并迅速发展为精神状态改变和癫痫发作。神经影像学显示颅内静脉内气体密度和不断发展的脑病改变。脑脊液(CSF)的检查结果是非特异性的,但血液和伤口培养确定了弗氏弓形虫。开始使用头孢吡肟和氨苄西林-舒巴坦进行靶向抗生素治疗,但患者病情恶化导致停药和死亡。尸检证实多发脑微脓肿,符合脓毒性栓塞。结论:本病例强调弗氏弓形虫是一种罕见但致命的败血性脑病病因。诊断挑战来自非典型神经学表现和非特异性脑脊液的发现。改用头孢吡肟的指导是对弗氏梭菌AmpC β-内酰胺酶产生的担忧。尽管适当的抗菌药物治疗,患者的不良结果强调了在相对免疫功能低下的宿主中管理中枢神经系统感染的挑战。早期识别弗氏弓形虫中枢神经系统感染至关重要,特别是在高危患者中。高怀疑指数、连续成像和量身定制的抗菌治疗对于优化结果至关重要。需要进一步研究以提高诊断方法和治疗策略。学习要点:弗氏弓形虫引起的脓毒性栓塞可表现为非典型神经症状。抗生素选择应考虑弗氏弓形虫的耐药机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From Presentation to Prognosis: A Challenging Case of Multifocal Cerebral Micro Abscesses Due to Citrobacter Freundii.

Introduction: Citrobacter freundii is a rare cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections, primarily affecting neonates. In adults, cases are uncommon and often associated with high mortality rates.

Case description: We describe the case of an adult male with multiple comorbidities who presented with constipation, nausea and vomiting, which rapidly progressed to altered mental status and seizures. Neuroimaging revealed gas densities within intracranial veins and evolving encephalitic changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were non-specific, but blood and wound cultures identified C. freundii. Targeted antibiotic therapy with cefepime and ampicillin-sulbactam was initiated, but the patient's condition deteriorated leading to withdrawal of care, and death. Autopsy confirmed multiple cerebral micro abscesses, consistent with septic embolization.

Conclusion: This case highlights C. freundii as a rare but fatal cause of septic encephalopathy. Diagnostic challenges arose from the atypical neurological presentation and non-specific CSF findings. The transition to cefepime was guided by concerns over C. freundii's AmpC β-lactamase production. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the patient's poor outcome underscored the challenges of managing CNS infections in relatively immunocompromised hosts. Early recognition of C. freundii CNS infections is crucial, particularly in high-risk patients. A high index of suspicion, serial imaging and tailored antimicrobial therapy are essential for optimising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.

Learning points: Septic embolization due to C. freundii can present with atypical neurological symptoms.Antibiotic selection should consider C. freundii's resistance mechanisms.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
166
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine is an official journal of the European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM), representing 35 national societies from 33 European countries. The Journal''s mission is to promote the best medical practice and innovation in the field of acute and general medicine. It also provides a forum for internal medicine doctors where they can share new approaches with the aim of improving diagnostic and clinical skills in this field. EJCRIM welcomes high-quality case reports describing unusual or complex cases that an internist may encounter in everyday practice. The cases should either demonstrate the appropriateness of a diagnostic/therapeutic approach, describe a new procedure or maneuver, or show unusual manifestations of a disease or unexpected reactions. The Journal only accepts and publishes those case reports whose learning points provide new insight and/or contribute to advancing medical knowledge both in terms of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Case reports of medical errors, therefore, are also welcome as long as they provide innovative measures on how to prevent them in the current practice (Instructive Errors). The Journal may also consider brief and reasoned reports on issues relevant to the practice of Internal Medicine, as well as Abstracts submitted to the scientific meetings of acknowledged medical societies.
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