Varsha Nandwana, Liam M Cleary, Thomas V Kodankandath
{"title":"从表现到预后:一例由弗氏柠檬酸杆菌引起的多灶性脑微脓肿。","authors":"Varsha Nandwana, Liam M Cleary, Thomas V Kodankandath","doi":"10.12890/2025_005290","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Citrobacter freundii</i> is a rare cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections, primarily affecting neonates. In adults, cases are uncommon and often associated with high mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We describe the case of an adult male with multiple comorbidities who presented with constipation, nausea and vomiting, which rapidly progressed to altered mental status and seizures. Neuroimaging revealed gas densities within intracranial veins and evolving encephalitic changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were non-specific, but blood and wound cultures identified <i>C. freundii</i>. Targeted antibiotic therapy with cefepime and ampicillin-sulbactam was initiated, but the patient's condition deteriorated leading to withdrawal of care, and death. Autopsy confirmed multiple cerebral micro abscesses, consistent with septic embolization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights <i>C. freundii</i> as a rare but fatal cause of septic encephalopathy. Diagnostic challenges arose from the atypical neurological presentation and non-specific CSF findings. The transition to cefepime was guided by concerns over <i>C. freundii</i>'s AmpC β-lactamase production. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the patient's poor outcome underscored the challenges of managing CNS infections in relatively immunocompromised hosts. Early recognition of <i>C. freundii</i> CNS infections is crucial, particularly in high-risk patients. A high index of suspicion, serial imaging and tailored antimicrobial therapy are essential for optimising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Learning points: </strong>Septic embolization due to <i>C. freundii</i> can present with atypical neurological symptoms.Antibiotic selection should consider <i>C. freundii</i>'s resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11908,"journal":{"name":"European journal of case reports in internal medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"005290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151555/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"From Presentation to Prognosis: A Challenging Case of Multifocal Cerebral Micro Abscesses Due to <i>Citrobacter Freundii</i>.\",\"authors\":\"Varsha Nandwana, Liam M Cleary, Thomas V Kodankandath\",\"doi\":\"10.12890/2025_005290\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Citrobacter freundii</i> is a rare cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections, primarily affecting neonates. In adults, cases are uncommon and often associated with high mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We describe the case of an adult male with multiple comorbidities who presented with constipation, nausea and vomiting, which rapidly progressed to altered mental status and seizures. Neuroimaging revealed gas densities within intracranial veins and evolving encephalitic changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were non-specific, but blood and wound cultures identified <i>C. freundii</i>. Targeted antibiotic therapy with cefepime and ampicillin-sulbactam was initiated, but the patient's condition deteriorated leading to withdrawal of care, and death. Autopsy confirmed multiple cerebral micro abscesses, consistent with septic embolization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights <i>C. freundii</i> as a rare but fatal cause of septic encephalopathy. Diagnostic challenges arose from the atypical neurological presentation and non-specific CSF findings. The transition to cefepime was guided by concerns over <i>C. freundii</i>'s AmpC β-lactamase production. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the patient's poor outcome underscored the challenges of managing CNS infections in relatively immunocompromised hosts. Early recognition of <i>C. freundii</i> CNS infections is crucial, particularly in high-risk patients. A high index of suspicion, serial imaging and tailored antimicrobial therapy are essential for optimising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Learning points: </strong>Septic embolization due to <i>C. freundii</i> can present with atypical neurological symptoms.Antibiotic selection should consider <i>C. freundii</i>'s resistance mechanisms.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11908,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European journal of case reports in internal medicine\",\"volume\":\"12 6\",\"pages\":\"005290\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151555/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European journal of case reports in internal medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.12890/2025_005290\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European journal of case reports in internal medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12890/2025_005290","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
From Presentation to Prognosis: A Challenging Case of Multifocal Cerebral Micro Abscesses Due to Citrobacter Freundii.
Introduction: Citrobacter freundii is a rare cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections, primarily affecting neonates. In adults, cases are uncommon and often associated with high mortality rates.
Case description: We describe the case of an adult male with multiple comorbidities who presented with constipation, nausea and vomiting, which rapidly progressed to altered mental status and seizures. Neuroimaging revealed gas densities within intracranial veins and evolving encephalitic changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were non-specific, but blood and wound cultures identified C. freundii. Targeted antibiotic therapy with cefepime and ampicillin-sulbactam was initiated, but the patient's condition deteriorated leading to withdrawal of care, and death. Autopsy confirmed multiple cerebral micro abscesses, consistent with septic embolization.
Conclusion: This case highlights C. freundii as a rare but fatal cause of septic encephalopathy. Diagnostic challenges arose from the atypical neurological presentation and non-specific CSF findings. The transition to cefepime was guided by concerns over C. freundii's AmpC β-lactamase production. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the patient's poor outcome underscored the challenges of managing CNS infections in relatively immunocompromised hosts. Early recognition of C. freundii CNS infections is crucial, particularly in high-risk patients. A high index of suspicion, serial imaging and tailored antimicrobial therapy are essential for optimising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.
Learning points: Septic embolization due to C. freundii can present with atypical neurological symptoms.Antibiotic selection should consider C. freundii's resistance mechanisms.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine is an official journal of the European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM), representing 35 national societies from 33 European countries. The Journal''s mission is to promote the best medical practice and innovation in the field of acute and general medicine. It also provides a forum for internal medicine doctors where they can share new approaches with the aim of improving diagnostic and clinical skills in this field. EJCRIM welcomes high-quality case reports describing unusual or complex cases that an internist may encounter in everyday practice. The cases should either demonstrate the appropriateness of a diagnostic/therapeutic approach, describe a new procedure or maneuver, or show unusual manifestations of a disease or unexpected reactions. The Journal only accepts and publishes those case reports whose learning points provide new insight and/or contribute to advancing medical knowledge both in terms of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Case reports of medical errors, therefore, are also welcome as long as they provide innovative measures on how to prevent them in the current practice (Instructive Errors). The Journal may also consider brief and reasoned reports on issues relevant to the practice of Internal Medicine, as well as Abstracts submitted to the scientific meetings of acknowledged medical societies.