Robert Prinz , Philipp Bucher , Ádám Kun , Omar Paredes , Anna Aragno , Candice Shelby , Markus Gumbel , Elena Fimmel , Lutz Strüngmann
{"title":"跨(生命)科学的代码。","authors":"Robert Prinz , Philipp Bucher , Ádám Kun , Omar Paredes , Anna Aragno , Candice Shelby , Markus Gumbel , Elena Fimmel , Lutz Strüngmann","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105515","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of “<em>code</em>” connotes different meanings, intentions, and formalizations. From <em>mathematics</em> and <em>computer sciences</em> to <em>psychology</em> and <em>culture</em>, the term becomes less formal, more diverse, and sometimes appears ambiguous. In <em>biology</em> a growing number of codes ignite a debate about their role in evolution, biocomplexity, and agency, to name just a few. Here, a transdisciplinary group of code scientists attempts to capture the <em>big picture</em> of code research across their fields of interest. In this cross-sectional overview commonalities emerge that may pave the way towards a unified theory of <em>life-based-on-codes</em>. Codes underly cellular processes, perception, cognition, and communication. From <em>ecosystems</em> to <em>human language</em>, codes influence how individuals behave in groups, memorize, learn, and take part in <em>cultural practices</em>. Emotions like aggression, fear, anger, frustration, are important motivators of behaviour modulating mutual communication and sculpting individual experience. The inheritance of experience in form of innate release mechanisms, stereotyped behaviour, or archetypes may have phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots that rely on codes and impact our conscious decision making. Unconsciously, even our <em>dreams draw on codes</em>. In the future, conflation of different coding systems, e.g., from synthetic biology and generative artificial intelligence, will merge biological codes with machine <em>logic</em> and <em>computer language</em> to promote next-level <em>transhumanism</em>. Codes emerge as a currency converter between systems of life and between different scientific disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50730,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Codes across (life)sciences\",\"authors\":\"Robert Prinz , Philipp Bucher , Ádám Kun , Omar Paredes , Anna Aragno , Candice Shelby , Markus Gumbel , Elena Fimmel , Lutz Strüngmann\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105515\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The concept of “<em>code</em>” connotes different meanings, intentions, and formalizations. From <em>mathematics</em> and <em>computer sciences</em> to <em>psychology</em> and <em>culture</em>, the term becomes less formal, more diverse, and sometimes appears ambiguous. In <em>biology</em> a growing number of codes ignite a debate about their role in evolution, biocomplexity, and agency, to name just a few. Here, a transdisciplinary group of code scientists attempts to capture the <em>big picture</em> of code research across their fields of interest. In this cross-sectional overview commonalities emerge that may pave the way towards a unified theory of <em>life-based-on-codes</em>. Codes underly cellular processes, perception, cognition, and communication. From <em>ecosystems</em> to <em>human language</em>, codes influence how individuals behave in groups, memorize, learn, and take part in <em>cultural practices</em>. Emotions like aggression, fear, anger, frustration, are important motivators of behaviour modulating mutual communication and sculpting individual experience. The inheritance of experience in form of innate release mechanisms, stereotyped behaviour, or archetypes may have phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots that rely on codes and impact our conscious decision making. Unconsciously, even our <em>dreams draw on codes</em>. In the future, conflation of different coding systems, e.g., from synthetic biology and generative artificial intelligence, will merge biological codes with machine <em>logic</em> and <em>computer language</em> to promote next-level <em>transhumanism</em>. Codes emerge as a currency converter between systems of life and between different scientific disciplines.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50730,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biosystems\",\"volume\":\"254 \",\"pages\":\"Article 105515\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biosystems\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030326472500125X\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biosystems","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030326472500125X","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of “code” connotes different meanings, intentions, and formalizations. From mathematics and computer sciences to psychology and culture, the term becomes less formal, more diverse, and sometimes appears ambiguous. In biology a growing number of codes ignite a debate about their role in evolution, biocomplexity, and agency, to name just a few. Here, a transdisciplinary group of code scientists attempts to capture the big picture of code research across their fields of interest. In this cross-sectional overview commonalities emerge that may pave the way towards a unified theory of life-based-on-codes. Codes underly cellular processes, perception, cognition, and communication. From ecosystems to human language, codes influence how individuals behave in groups, memorize, learn, and take part in cultural practices. Emotions like aggression, fear, anger, frustration, are important motivators of behaviour modulating mutual communication and sculpting individual experience. The inheritance of experience in form of innate release mechanisms, stereotyped behaviour, or archetypes may have phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots that rely on codes and impact our conscious decision making. Unconsciously, even our dreams draw on codes. In the future, conflation of different coding systems, e.g., from synthetic biology and generative artificial intelligence, will merge biological codes with machine logic and computer language to promote next-level transhumanism. Codes emerge as a currency converter between systems of life and between different scientific disciplines.
期刊介绍:
BioSystems encourages experimental, computational, and theoretical articles that link biology, evolutionary thinking, and the information processing sciences. The link areas form a circle that encompasses the fundamental nature of biological information processing, computational modeling of complex biological systems, evolutionary models of computation, the application of biological principles to the design of novel computing systems, and the use of biomolecular materials to synthesize artificial systems that capture essential principles of natural biological information processing.