{"title":"选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂在巴西药店销售的时间趋势。","authors":"Tayanny Margarida Menezes Almeida Biase, Marcus Tolentino Silva, Larissa Lopes, Taís Freire Galvao","doi":"10.1002/pds.70168","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the trends in selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor anti-inflammatory drugs (coxibs) sales in Brazil from 2014 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A time trend analysis of coxibs sales in Brazil from January 2014 to December 2021 was conducted using the Brazilian National Controlled Products Management System. Primary outcomes consisted of coxibs sales in defined daily dose (DDD) and DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), analyzed by Brazilian region (North, Northeast, South, Southeast, and Midwest). The trends in coxib consumption were analyzed using a segmented regression model, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Celecoxib and etoricoxib sales increased in Brazil from 2014 to 2021. Celecoxib sales rose from 0.2 to 0.4 DID (AAPC 15.0; 95% CI 8.9, 21.5), particularly in the South, from 0.4 in 2014 to 0.7 DID in 2021 (AAPC 11.8; 95% CI 6.9, 16.9). Etoricoxib sales increased from 0.1 to 0.2, especially in the Midwest (AAPC 10.6; 95% CI 5.5, 16.0). Northern Brazil presented the lowest coxibs' consumption, which also increased in the period. National changes in etoricoxib sales were observed between 2014 and 2018 (annual percent change, APC 12.2; 95% CI -2.0, 28.4) and 2018 and 2021 (APC -3.6; 95% CI -22.1, 19.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coxibs sales in Brazil increased from 2014 to 2021, and celecoxib was the most used coxib. Shift changes in sales were observed in some regions for both coxibs, and nationally for etoricoxib. Prescription retention requirements for coxibs sales, instituted a decade before this analysis, potentially did not reduce consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19782,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","volume":"34 6","pages":"e70168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144667/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Temporal Trend in Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Sales in Brazilian Drugstores.\",\"authors\":\"Tayanny Margarida Menezes Almeida Biase, Marcus Tolentino Silva, Larissa Lopes, Taís Freire Galvao\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/pds.70168\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the trends in selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor anti-inflammatory drugs (coxibs) sales in Brazil from 2014 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A time trend analysis of coxibs sales in Brazil from January 2014 to December 2021 was conducted using the Brazilian National Controlled Products Management System. Primary outcomes consisted of coxibs sales in defined daily dose (DDD) and DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), analyzed by Brazilian region (North, Northeast, South, Southeast, and Midwest). The trends in coxib consumption were analyzed using a segmented regression model, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Celecoxib and etoricoxib sales increased in Brazil from 2014 to 2021. Celecoxib sales rose from 0.2 to 0.4 DID (AAPC 15.0; 95% CI 8.9, 21.5), particularly in the South, from 0.4 in 2014 to 0.7 DID in 2021 (AAPC 11.8; 95% CI 6.9, 16.9). Etoricoxib sales increased from 0.1 to 0.2, especially in the Midwest (AAPC 10.6; 95% CI 5.5, 16.0). Northern Brazil presented the lowest coxibs' consumption, which also increased in the period. National changes in etoricoxib sales were observed between 2014 and 2018 (annual percent change, APC 12.2; 95% CI -2.0, 28.4) and 2018 and 2021 (APC -3.6; 95% CI -22.1, 19.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coxibs sales in Brazil increased from 2014 to 2021, and celecoxib was the most used coxib. Shift changes in sales were observed in some regions for both coxibs, and nationally for etoricoxib. Prescription retention requirements for coxibs sales, instituted a decade before this analysis, potentially did not reduce consumption.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19782,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety\",\"volume\":\"34 6\",\"pages\":\"e70168\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144667/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.70168\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.70168","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：评估2014 - 2021年选择性环氧化酶-2抑制剂抗炎药（coxibs）在巴西的销售趋势。方法：采用巴西国家管制产品管理系统对2014年1月至2021年12月巴西coxib销售情况进行时间趋势分析。主要结局包括限定日剂量（DDD）和每1000名居民每日DDD （DID）的coxibs销售量，并按巴西地区（北部、东北部、南部、东南部和中西部）进行分析。采用分段回归模型分析coxib消费趋势，计算具有95%置信区间（95% CI）的平均年变化百分比（AAPC）。结果：塞来昔布和依托昔布在巴西的销量从2014年到2021年有所增长。塞来昔布销售额从0.2上升至0.4 DID (AAPC 15.0；95% CI 8.9, 21.5)，特别是在南方，从2014年的0.4到2021年的0.7 DID (AAPC 11.8；95% ci 6.9, 16.9)。依托昔布的销售额从0.1上升到0.2，特别是在中西部地区(AAPC 10.6；95% ci 5.5, 16.0)。巴西北部的coxib消费量最低，在此期间也有所增加。2014年至2018年期间观察到全国依托昔布销售的变化(年变化百分比，APC 12.2；95% CI -2.0, 28.4)， 2018年和2021年(APC -3.6；95% ci -22.1, 19.3)。结论：2014年至2021年，coxib在巴西的销量有所增加，塞来昔布是使用最多的coxib。在一些地区观察到两种coxib的销售变化，在全国范围内观察到依托昔布的销售变化。在此分析之前10年制定的对coxibs销售的处方保留要求，可能并没有减少消费。
Temporal Trend in Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Sales in Brazilian Drugstores.
Purpose: To assess the trends in selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor anti-inflammatory drugs (coxibs) sales in Brazil from 2014 to 2021.
Methods: A time trend analysis of coxibs sales in Brazil from January 2014 to December 2021 was conducted using the Brazilian National Controlled Products Management System. Primary outcomes consisted of coxibs sales in defined daily dose (DDD) and DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), analyzed by Brazilian region (North, Northeast, South, Southeast, and Midwest). The trends in coxib consumption were analyzed using a segmented regression model, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.
Results: Celecoxib and etoricoxib sales increased in Brazil from 2014 to 2021. Celecoxib sales rose from 0.2 to 0.4 DID (AAPC 15.0; 95% CI 8.9, 21.5), particularly in the South, from 0.4 in 2014 to 0.7 DID in 2021 (AAPC 11.8; 95% CI 6.9, 16.9). Etoricoxib sales increased from 0.1 to 0.2, especially in the Midwest (AAPC 10.6; 95% CI 5.5, 16.0). Northern Brazil presented the lowest coxibs' consumption, which also increased in the period. National changes in etoricoxib sales were observed between 2014 and 2018 (annual percent change, APC 12.2; 95% CI -2.0, 28.4) and 2018 and 2021 (APC -3.6; 95% CI -22.1, 19.3).
Conclusion: Coxibs sales in Brazil increased from 2014 to 2021, and celecoxib was the most used coxib. Shift changes in sales were observed in some regions for both coxibs, and nationally for etoricoxib. Prescription retention requirements for coxibs sales, instituted a decade before this analysis, potentially did not reduce consumption.
期刊介绍：
The aim of Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety is to provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and opinion in the discipline of pharmacoepidemiology. The Journal publishes peer-reviewed reports of original research, invited reviews and a variety of guest editorials and commentaries embracing scientific, medical, statistical, legal and economic aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance of drug safety. Appropriate material in these categories may also be considered for publication as a Brief Report.
Particular areas of interest include:
design, analysis, results, and interpretation of studies looking at the benefit or safety of specific pharmaceuticals, biologics, or medical devices, including studies in pharmacovigilance, postmarketing surveillance, pharmacoeconomics, patient safety, molecular pharmacoepidemiology, or any other study within the broad field of pharmacoepidemiology;
comparative effectiveness research relating to pharmaceuticals, biologics, and medical devices. Comparative effectiveness research is the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition, as these methods are truly used in the real world;
methodologic contributions of relevance to pharmacoepidemiology, whether original contributions, reviews of existing methods, or tutorials for how to apply the methods of pharmacoepidemiology;
assessments of harm versus benefit in drug therapy;
patterns of drug utilization;
relationships between pharmacoepidemiology and the formulation and interpretation of regulatory guidelines;
evaluations of risk management plans and programmes relating to pharmaceuticals, biologics and medical devices.
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