Susanne Jäger, Olga Kuxhaus, Marcela Prada, Inge Huybrechts, Tammy Y N Tong, Nita G Forouhi, Cristina Razquin, Dolores Corella, Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez, Christina C Dahm, Daniel B Ibsen, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Chloé Marques, Claire Cadeau, Xuan Ren, Verena Katzke, Benedetta Bendinelli, Claudia Agnoli, Alberto Catalano, Marta Farràs, Maria-Jose Sánchez, María Dolores Chirlaque López, Marcela Guevara, Dagfinn Aune, Stephen J Sharp, Nicholas J Wareham, Matthias B Schulze
{"title":"在EPIC-InterAct和PREDIMED研究中，坚果摄入量、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸摄入量和遗传学：脂肪酸去饱和酶1如何影响血浆脂肪酸和2型糖尿病风险。","authors":"Susanne Jäger, Olga Kuxhaus, Marcela Prada, Inge Huybrechts, Tammy Y N Tong, Nita G Forouhi, Cristina Razquin, Dolores Corella, Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez, Christina C Dahm, Daniel B Ibsen, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Chloé Marques, Claire Cadeau, Xuan Ren, Verena Katzke, Benedetta Bendinelli, Claudia Agnoli, Alberto Catalano, Marta Farràs, Maria-Jose Sánchez, María Dolores Chirlaque López, Marcela Guevara, Dagfinn Aune, Stephen J Sharp, Nicholas J Wareham, Matthias B Schulze","doi":"10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) levels-reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498 type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436 participants in the control group), we compared changes in plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-1.00) compared with CT (0.94, 0.81-1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78-1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this interaction was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FADS1 variation modified the effect of nut consumption on circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it modified the association between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147277/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies.\",\"authors\":\"Susanne Jäger, Olga Kuxhaus, Marcela Prada, Inge Huybrechts, Tammy Y N Tong, Nita G Forouhi, Cristina Razquin, Dolores Corella, Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez, Christina C Dahm, Daniel B Ibsen, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Chloé Marques, Claire Cadeau, Xuan Ren, Verena Katzke, Benedetta Bendinelli, Claudia Agnoli, Alberto Catalano, Marta Farràs, Maria-Jose Sánchez, María Dolores Chirlaque López, Marcela Guevara, Dagfinn Aune, Stephen J Sharp, Nicholas J Wareham, Matthias B Schulze\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) levels-reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498 type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436 participants in the control group), we compared changes in plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-1.00) compared with CT (0.94, 0.81-1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78-1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this interaction was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FADS1 variation modified the effect of nut consumption on circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it modified the association between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9188,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"BMC Medicine\",\"volume\":\"23 1\",\"pages\":\"344\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147277/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"BMC Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies.
Background: Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) levels-reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized controlled trial.
Methods: In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498 type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436 participants in the control group), we compared changes in plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1.
Results: In EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-1.00) compared with CT (0.94, 0.81-1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78-1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this interaction was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: FADS1 variation modified the effect of nut consumption on circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it modified the association between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk.
期刊介绍：
BMC Medicine is an open access, transparent peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is the flagship journal of the BMC series and publishes outstanding and influential research in various areas including clinical practice, translational medicine, medical and health advances, public health, global health, policy, and general topics of interest to the biomedical and sociomedical professional communities. In addition to research articles, the journal also publishes stimulating debates, reviews, unique forum articles, and concise tutorials. All articles published in BMC Medicine are included in various databases such as Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS, CAS, Citebase, Current contents, DOAJ, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, OAIster, SCImago, Scopus, SOCOLAR, and Zetoc.
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