Effects of the lavage through fistula in treatment of spontaneous esophageal rupture by combined thoracoscopic and gastroscopic management

Spontaneous esophageal rupture (SER) is a rare and severe emergency with high mortality, and the treatment algorithm remains controversial. This retrospective study analyzed SER cases that underwent VATS debridement and drainage in Jinling Hospital from January 2014 to July 2024. Patients were divided into Lavage-Drainage and Drainage groups based on whether they received a lavage tube cathetering through the esophageal fistula under gastroscope. Preoperative fluid resuscitation, thoracoscopic mediastinotomy, and thoracic debridement were performed. Post-operative management included fasting, enteral nutrition, anti-infective agents, and fluid and electrolyte balance maintenance. Monitoring indicators included vital signs, laboratory test results, postoperative complications, and other relevant factors. A total of 24 patients were enrolled, with 11 in the Lavage-Drainage group and 13 in the Drainage group. The Lavage-Drainage group had lower 30-day mortality, fewer complications and adverse events, and a faster reduction in inflammatory factors, but a higher cost. There was no significant difference in the length of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, and ICU stay. The Lavage-Drainage approach enhanced the drainage efficiency, reduced the inflammation level, and improved the prognosis of SER. However, this study has some limitations, and further multi-center prospective studies are needed to optimize the treatment and reduce costs.