MMP基因的分子适应支持鲸类动物的肺弹性和潜水适应。

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Ya Zhang, Wenjun Lv, Wen Yan, Boxiong Guo, Guang Yang, Wenhua Ren
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引用次数: 0

摘要

鲸目动物是一种独特的海洋哺乳动物,从陆地动物进化到完全的水生动物。在潜水过程中,他们会经历极端的生理挑战,包括肺衰竭、气体交换受限以及与减压相关的损伤风险。基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)基因家族在细胞外基质(ECM)重塑、血管修复和炎症反应中发挥核心作用,也参与弹性纤维的形成和维持,弹性纤维是肺弹性的关键成分。增强的肺弹性被认为有助于在潜水过程中促进可逆的肺塌陷和有效的血液转移,最终减少氮的摄取和减压病(DCS)的潜在风险。在这项研究中,我们分析了来自46个物种的1058个基因,重点研究了鲸类和其他潜水海洋哺乳动物,并以陆生哺乳动物为参照组。我们的研究结果表明,MMP基因家族在鲸类动物中经历了正选择,其中9个基因表现出加速进化。值得注意的是,我们在MMP9的纤维连接蛋白ii型结构域中发现了鲸类特异性的N319S突变,该突变损害了胶原蛋白的结合和降解,这一点经Western blot分析证实。质谱分析进一步显示,与陆生哺乳动物相比,鲸目动物的MMP9翻译后修饰数量增加,其中一些修饰重叠了突变位点。这些发现表明,MMPs的适应性变化可能会增强鲸类动物的弹性纤维动力学和血管重塑,有助于生理适应,如改善肺顺应性和对潜水相关压力的恢复能力,包括降低对DCS的易感性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Molecular adaptations in MMP genes support lung elasticity and diving adaptations in cetaceans.

Cetaceans are a unique group of marine mammals that have evolved from terrestrial to fully aquatic life. During diving, they experience extreme physiological challenges, including lung collapse, limited gas exchange, and the risk of decompression-related injuries. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family plays a central role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, vascular repair, and inflammatory responses, and is also involved in the formation and maintenance of elastic fibers-key components that contribute to lung elasticity. Enhanced lung elasticity is thought to facilitate reversible lung collapse and efficient blood shift during dives, ultimately reducing nitrogen uptake and the potential risk of decompression sickness (DCS). In this study, we analyzed 1,058 genes from 46 species, focusing on cetaceans and other diving marine mammals, with terrestrial mammals as a reference group. Our results reveal that the MMP gene family has undergone positive selection in cetaceans, with nine genes exhibiting accelerated evolution. Notably, we identified a cetacean-specific N319S mutation in the Fibronectin type-II domain of MMP9, which impairs collagen-binding and degradation, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. Mass spectrometry further revealed an increased number of post-translational modifications in cetacean MMP9 compared to terrestrial mammals, with several modifications overlapping the mutation sites. These findings suggest that adaptive changes in MMPs may enhance elastic fiber dynamics and vascular remodeling in cetaceans, contributing to physiological adaptations such as improved lung compliance and resilience to diving-related stress, including reduced susceptibility to DCS.

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来源期刊
BMC Genomics
BMC Genomics 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
4.50%
发文量
769
审稿时长
6.4 months
期刊介绍: BMC Genomics is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of genome-scale analysis, functional genomics, and proteomics. BMC Genomics is part of the BMC series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We offer an efficient, fair and friendly peer review service, and are committed to publishing all sound science, provided that there is some advance in knowledge presented by the work.
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