Tila Khan, Sayantan Halder, Ranjan Saurav Das, Abhishek Jaiswal, Pearl Helena Scott Leo, Arabinda Mahato, Tarapada Ghosh, Parthasarathi Satpathi, Sangeeta Das Bhattacharya
{"title":"西孟加拉邦0-2岁儿童流感、呼吸道合胞病毒、SARS-CoV-2、其他呼吸道病毒和细菌的分子流行病学：一项为期一年的流感样疾病监测研究（2022-2023）","authors":"Tila Khan, Sayantan Halder, Ranjan Saurav Das, Abhishek Jaiswal, Pearl Helena Scott Leo, Arabinda Mahato, Tarapada Ghosh, Parthasarathi Satpathi, Sangeeta Das Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3389/fepid.2025.1578951","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory infections are the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. This study documents the incidence and etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) among young children in rural eastern India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a surveillance of ILI in children visiting paediatric clinics of two hospitals in District West Midnapore, West Bengal from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children 0-2 years of age with ILI and tested for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2; a representative set for the respiratory panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 9,923 outpatient children 0-14 years of age screened, 1,001 had ILI, of which 439 (44%) were in 0-2-year-olds. The ILI incidence was 439/4,310 [10.2% (95% CI: 9.29-11.1)] in the 0-2-year-olds, 288/2,473 [11.6% (10.4-12.9)] in >2-5-year-olds, and, 274/3,140 [8.7% (7.7-9.7)] in >5-14-year-olds. Of 390 enrolled children (median age: 12 months), viruses were identified in 23.3%, occurring singly (15%) or with other viruses (1.3%). RSV was the most common virus (12.6%), followed by influenza (6.6%) and SARS-CoV-2 (0.77%). Influenza subtypes included IA/H3 (50%), IA/H1N1pdm2009 (34.6%) and IB (15.4%). IA/H1N1pdm09 predominated during the 2022 monsoon, RSV during 2022 autumn and A/H3 and B during 2023 winters. Cough and difficulty breathing were associated with RSV. The major bacteria detected were <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (55.5%), <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (29%) and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (3.7%). Other viruses were parainfluenza virus 3 (4.4%), bocavirus (3.7%) and adenovirus (3%). Viral-bacterial co-detections were frequent (20%). Seventeen children required hospitalization, with difficulty breathing increasing hospitalization risk (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.67-12). Children with RSV had increased odds of hospitalization (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1-9.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of ILI was observed in children aged 0-2 years, with RSV and influenza as major viral causes associated with ILI. RSV increased the risk of hospitalization. These findings contribute to building the evidence base for maternal RSV immunization policy in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":73083,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in epidemiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1578951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129922/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Molecular epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viruses and bacteria among children 0-2-year-olds in West Bengal: a one-year influenza-like illness surveillance study (2022-2023).\",\"authors\":\"Tila Khan, Sayantan Halder, Ranjan Saurav Das, Abhishek Jaiswal, Pearl Helena Scott Leo, Arabinda Mahato, Tarapada Ghosh, Parthasarathi Satpathi, Sangeeta Das Bhattacharya\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fepid.2025.1578951\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory infections are the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. This study documents the incidence and etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) among young children in rural eastern India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a surveillance of ILI in children visiting paediatric clinics of two hospitals in District West Midnapore, West Bengal from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children 0-2 years of age with ILI and tested for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2; a representative set for the respiratory panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 9,923 outpatient children 0-14 years of age screened, 1,001 had ILI, of which 439 (44%) were in 0-2-year-olds. The ILI incidence was 439/4,310 [10.2% (95% CI: 9.29-11.1)] in the 0-2-year-olds, 288/2,473 [11.6% (10.4-12.9)] in >2-5-year-olds, and, 274/3,140 [8.7% (7.7-9.7)] in >5-14-year-olds. Of 390 enrolled children (median age: 12 months), viruses were identified in 23.3%, occurring singly (15%) or with other viruses (1.3%). RSV was the most common virus (12.6%), followed by influenza (6.6%) and SARS-CoV-2 (0.77%). Influenza subtypes included IA/H3 (50%), IA/H1N1pdm2009 (34.6%) and IB (15.4%). IA/H1N1pdm09 predominated during the 2022 monsoon, RSV during 2022 autumn and A/H3 and B during 2023 winters. Cough and difficulty breathing were associated with RSV. The major bacteria detected were <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (55.5%), <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (29%) and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (3.7%). Other viruses were parainfluenza virus 3 (4.4%), bocavirus (3.7%) and adenovirus (3%). Viral-bacterial co-detections were frequent (20%). Seventeen children required hospitalization, with difficulty breathing increasing hospitalization risk (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.67-12). Children with RSV had increased odds of hospitalization (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1-9.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of ILI was observed in children aged 0-2 years, with RSV and influenza as major viral causes associated with ILI. RSV increased the risk of hospitalization. These findings contribute to building the evidence base for maternal RSV immunization policy in India.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73083,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in epidemiology\",\"volume\":\"5 \",\"pages\":\"1578951\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129922/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in epidemiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fepid.2025.1578951\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in epidemiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fepid.2025.1578951","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viruses and bacteria among children 0-2-year-olds in West Bengal: a one-year influenza-like illness surveillance study (2022-2023).
Background: Lower respiratory infections are the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. This study documents the incidence and etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) among young children in rural eastern India.
Methods: We conducted a surveillance of ILI in children visiting paediatric clinics of two hospitals in District West Midnapore, West Bengal from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children 0-2 years of age with ILI and tested for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2; a representative set for the respiratory panel.
Results: Of 9,923 outpatient children 0-14 years of age screened, 1,001 had ILI, of which 439 (44%) were in 0-2-year-olds. The ILI incidence was 439/4,310 [10.2% (95% CI: 9.29-11.1)] in the 0-2-year-olds, 288/2,473 [11.6% (10.4-12.9)] in >2-5-year-olds, and, 274/3,140 [8.7% (7.7-9.7)] in >5-14-year-olds. Of 390 enrolled children (median age: 12 months), viruses were identified in 23.3%, occurring singly (15%) or with other viruses (1.3%). RSV was the most common virus (12.6%), followed by influenza (6.6%) and SARS-CoV-2 (0.77%). Influenza subtypes included IA/H3 (50%), IA/H1N1pdm2009 (34.6%) and IB (15.4%). IA/H1N1pdm09 predominated during the 2022 monsoon, RSV during 2022 autumn and A/H3 and B during 2023 winters. Cough and difficulty breathing were associated with RSV. The major bacteria detected were Streptococcus pneumoniae (55.5%), Haemophilus influenzae (29%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (3.7%). Other viruses were parainfluenza virus 3 (4.4%), bocavirus (3.7%) and adenovirus (3%). Viral-bacterial co-detections were frequent (20%). Seventeen children required hospitalization, with difficulty breathing increasing hospitalization risk (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.67-12). Children with RSV had increased odds of hospitalization (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1-9.26).
Conclusions: The majority of ILI was observed in children aged 0-2 years, with RSV and influenza as major viral causes associated with ILI. RSV increased the risk of hospitalization. These findings contribute to building the evidence base for maternal RSV immunization policy in India.
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