CrossFit as Adjunctive Treatment in Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: In the United States, an estimated 19.7 million people have a substance use disorder (SUD). Treatment protocol is transition into recovery, necessitating physical well-being and social supports. Exercise is an effective treatment for addiction. One modality that posits success on ability to provide an effective workout and a sense community is CrossFit. This study explored experiences of individuals participating in CrossFit within an SUD recovery program.

Methods: This focused ethnography study took place at a recovery center. Inclusion criteria were 18 years of age and older with an SUD and current or former inpatient utilizing CrossFit offered through the center. Twelve participants (N = 12) were recruited. Data collection was through semistructured interviews. A thematic analysis was utilized to understand what CrossFit means to participants. Systematic coding organized data and potential themes were identified. Themes were reviewed and refined through mapping and generation of clear definitions and names.

Results: Seven participants were aged 26-35 years, and five were aged 36-45 years, with 5 women and 7 men. All identified as White and cisgender.Three themes emerged from the data: (a) mental health with physical benefits, (b) commonality and community, and (c) building a foundation for life.

Conclusions: Prior research has demonstrated exercise as an effective treatment for addiction. Ours is the only known study to focus on CrossFit. Future studies might obtain similar findings beyond CrossFit-branded programming. Additionally, longitudinal research related to CrossFit or high-intensity interval training might provide additional evidence in long-term recovery.