Correlation of pathologic features and prognostic factors in rectal adenocarcinoma based on APT imaging and IVIM-DWI histogram

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) histogram parameters in predicting pathologic prognostic factors (lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion) in rectal adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the study compared the diagnostic performance of these parameters through combined models.

Methods

This study enrolled 42 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma proved by pathology. The APT signal intensity (APTSI) of primary rectal cancer was measured. The IVIM images were postprocessed to generate quantitative parameter maps of pure diffusioncoefficient(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*), perfusion fraction(f). The histogram analysis was performed to obtain the minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, variance, median, 10th and 90th percentiles (10th and 90th henceforth), skewness, kurtosis, and entropy of each parameter.The postoperative pathologic results included T stage, lymph node N stage, and peripheral nerve and lymphovascular invasion.

Results

The histogram of D and D* were statistically significant between with and without lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P < .05). The histogram of D value was significant between with lymphovascular invasion or not (P < .05). No clear difference was noted between APTSI and prognostic factors of rectal adenocarcinoma (P > .05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined model combining 90th, kurtosis, entropy, and D* maximum value for diagnosing LNM of rectal adenocarcinoma was 0.796. The AUC value of the combined model combining the mean, median, 10th and 90th, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy of D value in diagnosing the presence or absence of lymphovascular invasion of rectal adenocarcinoma was 0.821.

Conclusions

IVIM histogram parameters (e.g., 90th percentile of D, kurtosis, and entropy) displayed significant diagnostic value for detecting LNM and vascular invasion in rectal adenocarcinoma. In contrast, APTSI showed no significant correlation with these prognostic factors. These findings underscore the potential of IVIM imaging as a noninvasive tool for preoperative risk stratification in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

Key points

IVIM histogram parameters help distinguish LNM and lymphovascular invasion in rectal adenocarcinoma. No obvious difference was observed in APTSI between patients with rectal adenocarcinoma with various TN stages, peripheral nerve invasion, and vascular invasion.