纳米束扫描x射线荧光显微镜揭示了生物矿化球石团致密胞内体的元素组成。

IF 3.1 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Daniel M Chevrier, Shristy Gautam, André Scheffel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

球石藻微藻在细胞内通过生物控制的矿化过程产生纳米结构的钙化血小板,称为球石藻。成熟的球粒被分泌到细胞表面并组装成一个包裹细胞的外壳。全球范围内大规模生产的球粒岩,以及随后沉积到海底的过程,极大地促进了碳循环。尽管在了解球砾岩的生物矿化途径方面取得了进展,但我们在预测未来气候条件如何影响球砾岩形成以及海洋碳通量方面的能力仍然有限。因此,在单细胞水平上研究球砾石生物矿化对于提高我们的理解至关重要,但仍然具有挑战性,因为目前的成像技术缺乏结合空间和时间分辨率以及元素特异性检测来跟踪原位过程。鉴于这一空白,本文采用硬x射线下的纳米束扫描x射线荧光显微镜(nano-XRF)研究了球石藻Gephyrocapsa huxleyi(原Emiliania huxleyi)的细胞内元素分布,达到了100 nm的分辨率,并检测了从磷(P)到锌(Zn)的元素。细胞内富含钙和磷的小体,先前被认为参与了球粒生物矿化,在最初通过干燥制备的细胞中被观察到。有趣的是,纳米xrf成像揭示了这些体内早期研究中未检测到的金属物种(例如Mn, Fe, Zn),表明这些结构具有多种生物学作用。转向原生状态成像,G. huxleyi在水合状态下使用专用的液体电池设备进行成像。在海水介质中对有和无球粒壳的G. huxleyi细胞进行了测量,并与干燥的细胞进行了比较,显示出相当的图像质量。进一步讨论了液体细胞纳米xrf成像技术用于球石藻和其他微生物的潜力和局限性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nanobeam-scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy reveals the elemental composition of dense intracellular bodies in biomineralizing coccolithophores.

Coccolithophore microalgae intracellularly produce nanostructured calcitic platelets, known as coccoliths, through a biologically-controlled mineralization process. Mature coccoliths are secreted to the cell surface and assembled into a shell that envelops the cell. The large-scale global production of coccoliths, followed by their sedimentation to the ocean floor, significantly contributes to carbon cycling. Despite progress in understanding the biomineralization pathway of coccoliths, we are still limited in our ability to predict how future climate conditions will impact coccolith formation and thus ocean carbon fluxes. Investigating coccolith biomineralization at the single-cell level is therefore critical to advance our understanding but remains challenging since current imaging techniques lack the combined spatial and temporal resolution coupled with element-specific detection to follow processes in situ. In light of this gap, nanobeam-scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy (nano-XRF) in the hard X-ray regime is employed here to investigate the intracellular elemental distribution of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa huxleyi (formerly Emiliania huxleyi) achieving a resolution of 100 nm and elemental detection from phosphorus (P) to zinc (Zn). Calcium- and phosphorus-rich intracellular bodies, previously proposed to be involved in coccolith biomineralization, were observed in cells initially prepared ex situ by drying. Interestingly, nano-XRF imaging reveals metal species (e.g., Mn, Fe, Zn) within these bodies that were not detected in earlier studies, suggesting multiple biological roles for these structures. Moving towards native-state imaging, G. huxleyi was then imaged in the hydrated state using a dedicated liquid cell device. Measurements were performed on G. huxleyi cells both with and without coccolith shell in sea water medium and compared to those of dried cells, demonstrating comparable image quality. The future potential and limitations of liquid cell nano-XRF imaging for coccolithophores and other microorganisms are further discussed.

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来源期刊
Faraday Discussions
Faraday Discussions 化学-物理化学
自引率
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期刊介绍: Discussion summary and research papers from discussion meetings that focus on rapidly developing areas of physical chemistry and its interfaces
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