Physical Function Tests to Assess Postural Balance in Patients on Dialysis: A Systematic Review.

Background: This systematic review evaluated physical function tests used to assess postural balance in patients on dialysis and described their measurement properties.

Methods: The study was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42020186578). Seven databases were searched from inception to August 2023. Observational and experimental studies including at least one physical function test for postural balance in patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were eligible. Two independent researchers selected studies, assessed methodological quality using the Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies, and extracted data.

Results: Of the 21 studies analyzed, 42.9% were cross-sectional, and 38.1% demonstrated good methodological quality. The one-leg standing Test was the most common physical function test (used in 47.6% of studies), with variations in protocol, such as eyes open or closed and durations ranging from 5 to 60 s or unspecified. Other tests included the Berg balance scale, balance evaluation systems test, brief-balance evaluation systems test, mini-balance evaluation systems test, stork balance test, standing balance test, functional reach test, and frailty and injuries cooperative studies of intervention technique-4. Reliability, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change were reported for only the one-leg standing test, balance evaluation systems test, brief-balance evaluation systems test, and mini-balance evaluation systems test.

Conclusions: The one-leg standing test was the most frequently used physical function test for assessing postural balance in patients on dialysis. Additionally, the measurement properties of these tests remain understudied in this population.