Multivariate analyses, heritability, and genotype environment interaction of dekoko (pisum sativum Var. abyssinicum) germplasms in tigray, northern Ethiopia

Dekoko (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) is native to Ethiopia and is known for its high nutritional value and unique flavor. Investigating the genetic variability, heritability, and genotype-environment interaction of Dekoko is essential for understanding its potential for crop improvement and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Field-based phenotyping of 17 agro-morphological traits was used to assess the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genotype-environment interaction in 120 Dekoko germplasms. The experiment was laid at alpha lattice design with two replications, at Habes, Atsela, Bolonta, and H. burda experimental sites in two growing seasons. As a result, substantial genetic variation in phenological, vegetative, and yield-related traits was observed in the studied germplasms. High heritability was observed for days to 50 % emergence (86.69 %), seed length (85.70 %), seed width (76.67 %), and days to 50 % maturity (65.40 %). AMMI biplot models analysis revealed that the environment was the dominant factor (98.01 %), followed by genotypes (1.60 %) and genotype environment interaction (0.39). Genotypes G65, G46, and G73 exhibited stability, while G23, G33, G27, G62, G58, and G49 demonstrated adaptability across diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, GGE analysisbased on yield performance identified environmental classification and categorized Atsela_2019 Bolonta_2019, Atsela_2020 and H. Burda_2020 as favorable environments for majority of the genotypes. The results indicate that certain genotypes maintain consistent performance across different locations, emphasizing the need to select appropriate varieties based on environmental conditions to optimize grain yield potential. These findings contribute to breeding programs focused on improving yield stability and adaptability in P. sativum var. abyssinicum.