The Fate of Aortic Valve after Surgical Repair for Discrete Membranous Subaortic Stenosis in Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of aortic valve (AV) function and identify predictors of significant aortic regurgitation (SAR) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) recurrence following surgical repair of discrete membranous subaortic stenosis (DMSS) in pediatric patients and to develop a scoring model for long-term management.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study analyzed 219 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair for DMSS between 2008 and 2022. The primary endpoint was the composite of SAR and LVOTO recurrence, assessed during a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was employed to develop a predictive model, validated using bootstrap resampling and calibration plots. A nomogram and risk-stratification model were constructed based on significant predictors.

Results: SAR occurred in 10.0% of patients, while LVOTO recurrence was observed in 9.59%. The composite endpoint was experienced by 16.9%, with freedom rates from the endpoint at 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-years being 99.5%, 97.7%, 93.4%, and 74.9%, respectively. The final model included discrete membrane accumulation on the AV, preoperative aortic regurgitation (AR) ≥grade 3, peeling from AV, bypass time >75 minutes, and postoperative AR ≥grade 2. The model predicted the outcome with a C-index of 0.814 on the test set and exhibited a significant ability in stratification of patients into low-risk, and high-risk groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study highlights key risk factors for SAR and LVOTO recurrence after DMSS surgery in pediatric patients and provides a robust risk-stratification model for clinical decision-making.