Michal Kurela , Olivier Nogues , Jean-Frédéric Alasa
{"title":"空间发射基地发射能力估计的不确定多项式时间算法","authors":"Michal Kurela , Olivier Nogues , Jean-Frédéric Alasa","doi":"10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.05.041","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When designing the new space launch bases their maximum launch capacity must be defined. The deterministic evaluation of the launch rate can be performed when the entry hypotheses are very simple. However, when increasing the number of constraints there are no deterministic methods to account for all complexity of launch rate scheduling. That is why we consider it as an NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) problem. The specific algorithm had been developed with an objective to place the maximum number of launch campaigns in a calendar year with numerous constraints, such as launch range, launch operators' concepts of operations (CONOPS), as well as any kind of probability distribution function. Applying the constructed model and varying its parameters, the probability distribution functions of spaceport launch capacity had been obtained over thousands of simulations. The algorithm's behavior had been characterized through test cases. The polyvalent simulation capacity of the algorithm provided the insight to the intrinsic problems and limitations of the spaceport with very high launch rates. In addition, it allowed simulating the potential solutions in terms of spaceport organization, contractual rules towards users and suggest the technical facilities to maximize the available launch capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44971,"journal":{"name":"Acta Astronautica","volume":"234 ","pages":"Pages 783-794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nondeterministic polynomial time algorithm for estimation of space launch base launch capacity\",\"authors\":\"Michal Kurela , Olivier Nogues , Jean-Frédéric Alasa\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.05.041\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>When designing the new space launch bases their maximum launch capacity must be defined. The deterministic evaluation of the launch rate can be performed when the entry hypotheses are very simple. However, when increasing the number of constraints there are no deterministic methods to account for all complexity of launch rate scheduling. That is why we consider it as an NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) problem. The specific algorithm had been developed with an objective to place the maximum number of launch campaigns in a calendar year with numerous constraints, such as launch range, launch operators' concepts of operations (CONOPS), as well as any kind of probability distribution function. Applying the constructed model and varying its parameters, the probability distribution functions of spaceport launch capacity had been obtained over thousands of simulations. The algorithm's behavior had been characterized through test cases. The polyvalent simulation capacity of the algorithm provided the insight to the intrinsic problems and limitations of the spaceport with very high launch rates. In addition, it allowed simulating the potential solutions in terms of spaceport organization, contractual rules towards users and suggest the technical facilities to maximize the available launch capacity.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":44971,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Astronautica\",\"volume\":\"234 \",\"pages\":\"Pages 783-794\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Astronautica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576525003236\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Astronautica","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576525003236","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Nondeterministic polynomial time algorithm for estimation of space launch base launch capacity
When designing the new space launch bases their maximum launch capacity must be defined. The deterministic evaluation of the launch rate can be performed when the entry hypotheses are very simple. However, when increasing the number of constraints there are no deterministic methods to account for all complexity of launch rate scheduling. That is why we consider it as an NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) problem. The specific algorithm had been developed with an objective to place the maximum number of launch campaigns in a calendar year with numerous constraints, such as launch range, launch operators' concepts of operations (CONOPS), as well as any kind of probability distribution function. Applying the constructed model and varying its parameters, the probability distribution functions of spaceport launch capacity had been obtained over thousands of simulations. The algorithm's behavior had been characterized through test cases. The polyvalent simulation capacity of the algorithm provided the insight to the intrinsic problems and limitations of the spaceport with very high launch rates. In addition, it allowed simulating the potential solutions in terms of spaceport organization, contractual rules towards users and suggest the technical facilities to maximize the available launch capacity.
期刊介绍:
Acta Astronautica is sponsored by the International Academy of Astronautics. Content is based on original contributions in all fields of basic, engineering, life and social space sciences and of space technology related to:
The peaceful scientific exploration of space,
Its exploitation for human welfare and progress,
Conception, design, development and operation of space-borne and Earth-based systems,
In addition to regular issues, the journal publishes selected proceedings of the annual International Astronautical Congress (IAC), transactions of the IAA and special issues on topics of current interest, such as microgravity, space station technology, geostationary orbits, and space economics. Other subject areas include satellite technology, space transportation and communications, space energy, power and propulsion, astrodynamics, extraterrestrial intelligence and Earth observations.