Modeling the neurodegenerative Parkinson’s disease treatment with high effectiveness of beta-band neural activity using the optogenetic-electrical hybrid stimulation

Optogenetic-electrical hybrid stimulation provides powerful and subtle control over activity of distinctive neurons. Since Basal Ganglia (BG) and Thalamus (Th) of brain are target of damage or stimulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD), we have considered a complete BG-Th network model which consists of all neuronal parts of BG and Th. In this paper, to control signs of PD, we have introduced two hybrid stimulations with different characteristics in considered model, and have investigated the influence process and the function of the neural activities of different parts of brain. To achieve this, hybrid stimulations have been considered in various combinations of two optical stimulations with Halorhodopsin (NpHR) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) opsins and monophasic and biphasic electrical deep brain stimulations (DBS). Initially, function of the hybrid stimulation of optogenetic NpHR-Monophasic DBS and ChR2-Biphasic DBS on the abnormal firing pattern and synchronized excessive oscillations of the beta activity have been examined. Error Index (EI), beta band activity $\left({\beta }_{act}\right)$ and average firing rate (AFR) and Local Field Potential (LFP) are the evaluation criteria that we have used to effectiveness of our proposed method on neural activity of BG-Th model. According to the results, hybrid stimulation of NpHR optical stimulation beside mono phase electrical stimulation with effective results has been introduced as optimal stimulation. Our findings reveal that hybrid stimulation in low intensity and duration has the most influence on suppression of the abnormal PD behaviour and causes the least tissue damage. Besides, our proposed method supplies novel insights for accurate control on PD.