A review on fluid-sediment and foundation-sediment coupling mechanisms and anti-scour countermeasures

Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) have development prospects in the world energy supply system, and the local scour of the foundation of such turbines is an issue that may hinder their normal operation. Based on existing research, local scour characteristics based on fluid-sediment coupling are presented. At the individual soil particles or groups of particles level, the initiation mechanism of foundation scour is explained based on the force equilibrium of seabed particles, whereas at the scour hole level, the shapes and maximum scour depths are considered. Second, the local scour effects based on foundation-seabed coupling are discussed in terms of the lateral bearing capacity, p-y curve, and natural frequency. The study of fluid-sediment and foundation-sediment coupling mechanisms can clarify the protection mechanism of scour protection measures as well as the enhancement of protection. From the perspective of foundation scour control, different scour monitoring methods are analysed. The effects of different types of scour protection are also emphasised. Finally, the current problems and future research directions are presented. This paper provides insights into reducing the occurrence of the scour phenomenon, realising prevention and control of local foundation scour, and ensuring the normal and safe operation of OWTs.