Hyun Lee, Sang Hyuk Kim, Sun-Kyung Lee, Ji-Yong Moon, Kyung Hoon Min, Ho Joo Yoon, Sang-Heon Kim
{"title":"空气污染使哮喘患者的医疗保健利用率低于安全阈值。","authors":"Hyun Lee, Sang Hyuk Kim, Sun-Kyung Lee, Ji-Yong Moon, Kyung Hoon Min, Ho Joo Yoon, Sang-Heon Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2025.17.3.349","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Safety thresholds for air quality levels have been proposed to protect people from the harmful effects of air pollutants. However, the impacts of air pollutants on asthma, particularly at levels below these safe thresholds, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the associations between air pollutants (particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter [PM₁₀], particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter, sulfur dioxide [SO₂], carbon monoxide, ozone [O₃], and nitrogen dioxide) and healthcare utilization in 23,498 individuals with asthma in Seoul during the 2015-2017 season. The relative risk for healthcare utilization was assessed based on quantitative comparison (upper quartile vs. lower quartile) and non-linear concentration-response curves. Safety thresholds for air quality levels were determined according to the World Health Organization and Korean standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In quantitative analysis, healthcare utilization risk decreased for PM₁₀ and SO₂ but increased for O₃ on lag day 0, with no significant associations observed for other air pollutants. Non-linear analyses revealed significant concentration-response associations for all air pollutants, indicating increased risks of healthcare utilization on lag day 0. Notably, these increased risks occurred below proposed safety thresholds, with a steeper rise observed for asthma-related healthcare utilization within these ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exposure to 6 air pollutants was associated with an increased risk of healthcare utilization among individuals with asthma, with no safe exposure levels identified. The impact was more pronounced below current safety thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"17 3","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117489/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Air Pollution Increases Healthcare Utilization Below Safe Thresholds in Individuals With Asthma.\",\"authors\":\"Hyun Lee, Sang Hyuk Kim, Sun-Kyung Lee, Ji-Yong Moon, Kyung Hoon Min, Ho Joo Yoon, Sang-Heon Kim\",\"doi\":\"10.4168/aair.2025.17.3.349\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Safety thresholds for air quality levels have been proposed to protect people from the harmful effects of air pollutants. However, the impacts of air pollutants on asthma, particularly at levels below these safe thresholds, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the associations between air pollutants (particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter [PM₁₀], particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter, sulfur dioxide [SO₂], carbon monoxide, ozone [O₃], and nitrogen dioxide) and healthcare utilization in 23,498 individuals with asthma in Seoul during the 2015-2017 season. The relative risk for healthcare utilization was assessed based on quantitative comparison (upper quartile vs. lower quartile) and non-linear concentration-response curves. Safety thresholds for air quality levels were determined according to the World Health Organization and Korean standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In quantitative analysis, healthcare utilization risk decreased for PM₁₀ and SO₂ but increased for O₃ on lag day 0, with no significant associations observed for other air pollutants. Non-linear analyses revealed significant concentration-response associations for all air pollutants, indicating increased risks of healthcare utilization on lag day 0. Notably, these increased risks occurred below proposed safety thresholds, with a steeper rise observed for asthma-related healthcare utilization within these ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exposure to 6 air pollutants was associated with an increased risk of healthcare utilization among individuals with asthma, with no safe exposure levels identified. The impact was more pronounced below current safety thresholds.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7547,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research\",\"volume\":\"17 3\",\"pages\":\"349-358\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117489/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2025.17.3.349\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ALLERGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2025.17.3.349","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Air Pollution Increases Healthcare Utilization Below Safe Thresholds in Individuals With Asthma.
Purpose: Safety thresholds for air quality levels have been proposed to protect people from the harmful effects of air pollutants. However, the impacts of air pollutants on asthma, particularly at levels below these safe thresholds, remain unclear.
Methods: We analyzed the associations between air pollutants (particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter [PM₁₀], particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter, sulfur dioxide [SO₂], carbon monoxide, ozone [O₃], and nitrogen dioxide) and healthcare utilization in 23,498 individuals with asthma in Seoul during the 2015-2017 season. The relative risk for healthcare utilization was assessed based on quantitative comparison (upper quartile vs. lower quartile) and non-linear concentration-response curves. Safety thresholds for air quality levels were determined according to the World Health Organization and Korean standards.
Results: In quantitative analysis, healthcare utilization risk decreased for PM₁₀ and SO₂ but increased for O₃ on lag day 0, with no significant associations observed for other air pollutants. Non-linear analyses revealed significant concentration-response associations for all air pollutants, indicating increased risks of healthcare utilization on lag day 0. Notably, these increased risks occurred below proposed safety thresholds, with a steeper rise observed for asthma-related healthcare utilization within these ranges.
Conclusions: Exposure to 6 air pollutants was associated with an increased risk of healthcare utilization among individuals with asthma, with no safe exposure levels identified. The impact was more pronounced below current safety thresholds.
期刊介绍：
The journal features cutting-edge original research, brief communications, and state-of-the-art reviews in the specialties of allergy, asthma, and immunology, including clinical and experimental studies and instructive case reports. Contemporary reviews summarize information on topics for researchers and physicians in the fields of allergy and immunology. As of January 2017, AAIR do not accept case reports. However, if it is a clinically important case, authors can submit it in the form of letter to the Editor. Editorials and letters to the Editor explore controversial issues and encourage further discussion among physicians dealing with allergy, immunology, pediatric respirology, and related medical fields. AAIR also features topics in practice and management and recent advances in equipment and techniques for clinicians concerned with clinical manifestations of allergies and pediatric respiratory diseases.
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