Women's representation in top-management positions in the energy sector: A case study of Türkiye and Nigeria's petroleum industries

Women's representation in top-management positions remains a critical issue in various sectors, including the energy industry, where gender equity has historically been limited. This study critically examines the representation of women in top-management roles within the petroleum sectors of Türkiye and Nigeria, two countries with contrasting gender equity landscapes. In particular, the study asks: “To what extent are women in Nigeria and Türkiye's petroleum industry underrepresented, and what factors contribute to the underrepresentation of women in management positions in the countries' petroleum sectors? The research utilized quantitative and qualitative data, focusing on female employment statistics and qualitative claims on diversity, equity, and inclusion from company websites regarding their diversity and inclusion efforts. Data was collected from five leading oil and gas companies in Türkiye and six in Nigeria, covering 2018–2023. The findings reveal that while some companies in Nigeria show promising strides toward gender balance, many Turkish companies continue to exhibit substantial gender gaps, particularly in senior management. These disparities reflect broader global trends and underscore the need for targeted interventions. Additionally, the theme from the qualitative analysis hints at a potential gap between rhetoric and practice. The analyses show that the diversity, equity, and inclusion statements do not necessarily translate into measurable outcomes. Consequently, the study concludes with actionable suggestions for policymakers to enhance female representation and to implement policies that challenge existing stereotypes and support career advancement for women in the industry.