Evaluating 'flow' transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for treatment of depression at home.

Background: Flow transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a wearable device paired with software-driven behavioural therapy training, which allows patients to self-treat depression at home. Research supports tDCS's effectiveness in treating depression, one of the leading causes of disability worldwide.

Aim: This study evaluates the effectiveness of flow tDCS by analysing response and remission rates in depressed patients under the Crisis Resolution & Home Treatment (CRT) service. It aims to assess improvements in depressive symptoms, functional capabilities, and health-related quality of life.

Method: This open-label cohort study, without a control group, included 53 patients from the CRT service-37 males and 16 females, aged 20-77 years (mean age = 42.5 years). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after a 6-week intervention using self-report measures: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and European Quality of Life Five Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L).

Results: The study revealed improvement and remission rates on the PHQ-9 of 53.9% and 14.3%, respectively. Throughout the 6-week intervention, PHQ-9 and WSAS scores decreased significantly, showing a large effect size. Moreover, EQ-5D-5L scores exhibited substantial improvements in both the health index and global health assessment.

Conclusion: Integration of Flow into a CRT service showed benefits in reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing functioning and quality of life. Given the evidence supporting tDCS as an effective treatment for depression, its broader implementation in primary care settings should be considered.