Students' perceived knowledge and confidence of performing extra-oral clinical examinations during Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) study in New Zealand.

Aims: To investigate students' self-perceived understanding and confidence in performing extra-oral examinations on patients during their Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) education and training in New Zealand.

Method: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional study design was used to explore the understanding and perceived confidence of students who were in their third, fourth and final years of training in performing extra-oral examinations on patients. A questionnaire containing Likert and open-ended questions was distributed to 270 students.

Results: A total of 270 questionnaires were distributed to BDS3, BDS4 and BDS5 dental students, with an 80.7% response rate. Approximately 60% of students conducted general patient observations consistently, with no significant difference across year levels. Temporomandibular joint assessments were more frequently conducted by BDS5 students, while muscle of mastication, lymph node and salivary gland assessments were less consistently performed. Confidence varied across examination types, with over two-thirds expressing uncertainty in conducting some assessments. Many students felt that structured electronic templates and anatomical knowledge were helpful; however, they noted a need for improved training on palpation techniques and earlier integration of hands-on clinical practice.

Conclusion: Most students perceived they were well taught and felt confident in the extra-oral examination of a patient. Students of all levels of experience believed they would benefit from curriculum development and additional modes of teaching to aid their learning and improve their ability to perform an extra-oral examination.