Innovative low-tech solutions for marine conservation: Phosphorescent plates reduce sea turtle bycatch and boost fishery yields

Gillnet fisheries, widely used in the Mediterranean, pose a significant threat to sea turtle populations due to high bycatch rates. This study evaluates the effectiveness of phosphorescent plates as a cost-effective, low-tech solution to mitigate sea turtle bycatch in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia. A paired experimental approach was conducted from 2018 to 2022 under real fishing conditions, comparing gillnets equipped with phosphorescent plates to non-illuminated control nets. Results revealed a 65 % reduction (95 %CI [51.22 % - 78.78 %]) in sea turtle bycatch in illuminated nets, with no adverse effect on target species catch rates; in fact, target fish captures increased by 25.8 % (95 %CI [13.16 % - 38.44 %]). Phosphorescent plates offer practical advantages, including long-lasting luminescence, durability, and minimal maintenance, making them an accessible solution for small-scale fisheries. Compared to LED lights, phosphorescent plates are more affordable, environmentally friendly, and easier to integrate into existing fishing practices. However, the potential environmental impact of PVC materials used in the plates warrants further investigation. These findings suggest that phosphorescent plates can enhance marine conservation efforts and fishery productivity, presenting a promising alternative for sustainable fisheries management in the Mediterranean and beyond.