{"title":"期望与现实：两项关于当前和以前避孕药使用者预期和经历的停药症状的横断面研究。","authors":"Philine Elise Wienand, Marcel Wilhelm","doi":"10.1177/17455057251338401","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Discontinuation of the contraceptive pill is common, but little research has explored women's personal experiences with discontinuation symptoms and associated psychological factors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>These studies provide initial cross-sectional data on symptoms associated with discontinuation of the contraceptive pill, focusing on both expected symptoms in current users and experienced symptoms in former users. We examined how psychological factors (e.g., beliefs about medicine, trait anxiety) relate to these symptoms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Two parallel online questionnaires were administered: One with current and another with former contraceptive pill users (<i>n</i> = 642).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed expected discontinuation symptoms in current users and experienced symptoms in former users. Multiple linear regressions assessed the relationships between psychological factors (beliefs about and sensitivity to medicine, trait anxiety, reason for usage, time since discontinuation) and discontinuation symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In current users, expected symptoms were associated with concerns about (<i>b</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.35, 0.97], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.10) and perceived necessity of (<i>b</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.22, 0.86], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.06) the contraceptive pill, perceived overuse of medication (<i>b</i> = 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.013, 95% CI [0.13, 1.11], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.03), and trait anxiety (<i>b</i> = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.003, 95% CI [0.06, 0.29], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.05). Former users who indicated non-contraceptive reasons for using the contraceptive pill experienced more discontinuation symptoms (<i>b</i> = 1.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.78, 2.59], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These studies provide the first data on contraceptive pill discontinuation symptoms, showing that current users expect them, and former users experienced them. Psychological factors (e.g., trait anxiety) were linked to expected symptoms, suggesting nocebo-like mechanisms. Future research integrating nocebo theory (e.g., addressing negative expectations directly) could help empower women to make informed choices when discontinuing the contraceptive pill.</p>","PeriodicalId":75327,"journal":{"name":"Women's health (London, England)","volume":"21 ","pages":"17455057251338401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12099172/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Expectations versus reality: Two cross-sectional studies on expected and experienced discontinuation symptoms in current and former contraceptive pill users.\",\"authors\":\"Philine Elise Wienand, Marcel Wilhelm\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/17455057251338401\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Discontinuation of the contraceptive pill is common, but little research has explored women's personal experiences with discontinuation symptoms and associated psychological factors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>These studies provide initial cross-sectional data on symptoms associated with discontinuation of the contraceptive pill, focusing on both expected symptoms in current users and experienced symptoms in former users. We examined how psychological factors (e.g., beliefs about medicine, trait anxiety) relate to these symptoms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Two parallel online questionnaires were administered: One with current and another with former contraceptive pill users (<i>n</i> = 642).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed expected discontinuation symptoms in current users and experienced symptoms in former users. Multiple linear regressions assessed the relationships between psychological factors (beliefs about and sensitivity to medicine, trait anxiety, reason for usage, time since discontinuation) and discontinuation symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In current users, expected symptoms were associated with concerns about (<i>b</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.35, 0.97], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.10) and perceived necessity of (<i>b</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.22, 0.86], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.06) the contraceptive pill, perceived overuse of medication (<i>b</i> = 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.013, 95% CI [0.13, 1.11], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.03), and trait anxiety (<i>b</i> = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.003, 95% CI [0.06, 0.29], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.05). Former users who indicated non-contraceptive reasons for using the contraceptive pill experienced more discontinuation symptoms (<i>b</i> = 1.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.78, 2.59], <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These studies provide the first data on contraceptive pill discontinuation symptoms, showing that current users expect them, and former users experienced them. Psychological factors (e.g., trait anxiety) were linked to expected symptoms, suggesting nocebo-like mechanisms. Future research integrating nocebo theory (e.g., addressing negative expectations directly) could help empower women to make informed choices when discontinuing the contraceptive pill.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":75327,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Women's health (London, England)\",\"volume\":\"21 \",\"pages\":\"17455057251338401\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12099172/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Women's health (London, England)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251338401\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/5/22 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Women's health (London, England)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251338401","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/22 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：避孕药停药是常见的，但很少有研究探讨妇女的个人经历与停药症状和相关的心理因素。目的：这些研究提供了与停药有关的症状的初步横断面数据，重点关注当前服用者的预期症状和以前服用者的经历症状。我们研究了心理因素（例如，对药物的信念，特质焦虑）与这些症状的关系。设计：进行了两份平行的在线问卷调查：一份是针对目前的避孕药使用者，另一份是针对以前的避孕药使用者（n = 642）。方法：我们分析了当前使用者的预期停药症状和以前使用者的经历症状。多元线性回归评估了心理因素（对药物的信念和敏感性、特质焦虑、使用原因、停药时间）与停药症状之间的关系。结果：在当前使用者中，预期症状与对避孕药的担忧（b = 0.32, p f2 = 0.10）和对避孕药必要性的感知（b = 0.24, p f2 = 0.06）、对药物过度使用的感知（b = 0.17, p = 0.013, 95% CI [0.13, 1.11], f2 = 0.03）和特质焦虑（b = 0.21, p = 0.003, 95% CI [0.06, 0.29], f2 = 0.05）相关。表明非避孕原因使用避孕药的前使用者出现更多的停药症状（b = 1.68, p f2 = 0.03）。结论：这些研究提供了关于避孕药停药症状的第一批数据，表明当前使用者预期会出现这些症状，而以前的使用者也会出现这些症状。心理因素（如特质焦虑）与预期症状有关，提示反安慰剂样机制。整合反安慰剂理论的未来研究（例如，直接解决负面预期）可以帮助妇女在停止服用避孕药时做出明智的选择。
Expectations versus reality: Two cross-sectional studies on expected and experienced discontinuation symptoms in current and former contraceptive pill users.
Background: Discontinuation of the contraceptive pill is common, but little research has explored women's personal experiences with discontinuation symptoms and associated psychological factors.
Objectives: These studies provide initial cross-sectional data on symptoms associated with discontinuation of the contraceptive pill, focusing on both expected symptoms in current users and experienced symptoms in former users. We examined how psychological factors (e.g., beliefs about medicine, trait anxiety) relate to these symptoms.
Design: Two parallel online questionnaires were administered: One with current and another with former contraceptive pill users (n = 642).
Methods: We analyzed expected discontinuation symptoms in current users and experienced symptoms in former users. Multiple linear regressions assessed the relationships between psychological factors (beliefs about and sensitivity to medicine, trait anxiety, reason for usage, time since discontinuation) and discontinuation symptoms.
Results: In current users, expected symptoms were associated with concerns about (b = 0.32, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.35, 0.97], f2 = 0.10) and perceived necessity of (b = 0.24, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.22, 0.86], f2 = 0.06) the contraceptive pill, perceived overuse of medication (b = 0.17, p = 0.013, 95% CI [0.13, 1.11], f2 = 0.03), and trait anxiety (b = 0.21, p = 0.003, 95% CI [0.06, 0.29], f2 = 0.05). Former users who indicated non-contraceptive reasons for using the contraceptive pill experienced more discontinuation symptoms (b = 1.68, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.78, 2.59], f2 = 0.03).
Conclusions: These studies provide the first data on contraceptive pill discontinuation symptoms, showing that current users expect them, and former users experienced them. Psychological factors (e.g., trait anxiety) were linked to expected symptoms, suggesting nocebo-like mechanisms. Future research integrating nocebo theory (e.g., addressing negative expectations directly) could help empower women to make informed choices when discontinuing the contraceptive pill.
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