Thermodynamic, Surface and Viscous Properties of Cu-Fe-Ti Alloys in Liquid State Based on Exponential Temperature-Dependent Interaction Energy Parameters

The experimental data of the enthalpy of mixing and excess entropy of mixing of binary subsystems Cu-Fe, Fe-Ti, and Cu-Ti of Cu-Fe-Ti ternary liquid alloy were utilized to compute the exponential temperature-dependent interaction energy parameters for excess Gibbs energy of mixing using the Redlich-Kister (R-K) polynomial. The optimized parameters were utilized to calculate the excess Gibbs energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, and activity of components in the binary and ternary alloys at temperatures of 1873, 1973, 2073, and 2173 K. The Butler equation was utilized to analyze surface properties, while the Kaptay equation was employed to calculate the viscosity of ternary liquid alloys. The computed values of excess Gibbs energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, and activity of components in the binary liquid alloys are in good agreement with the experimental data. The surface tension and viscosity of the ternary alloys are highly influenced by the fluctuations in the bulk amount of Cu. As temperature increases, the surface tension of the ternary alloy decreases in a linear manner, while the viscosity decreases in a non-linear way.