An integrated structural and biophysical approach to study carbon metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Metabolic enzymes are the catalysts that drive the biochemical reactions essential for sustaining life. Many of these enzymes are tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms. To fully understand their roles and modulation, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between their structure, catalytic mechanism, and function. In this perspective, by using three examples from our studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isocitrate lyase and related proteins, we highlight how an integrated approach combining structural, activity, and biophysical data provides insights into their biological functions. These examples underscore the importance of employing fast-fail experiments at the early stages of a research project, emphasise the value of complementary techniques in validating findings, and demonstrate how in vitro data combined with chemical, biochemical, and physiological knowledge can lead to a broader understanding of metabolic adaptations in pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we address the unexplored questions in Mtb metabolism and discuss how we expand our approach to include microbiological and bioanalytical techniques to further our understanding. Such an integrated and interdisciplinary strategy has the potential to uncover novel regulatory mechanisms and identify new therapeutic opportunities for the eradication of tuberculosis. The approach can also be broadly applied to investigate other biochemical networks and complex biological systems.