心脏年龄相关变化:对COVID-19治疗的影响

IF 3.9 3区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY
Aging-Us Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI:10.18632/aging.206251
Colby Wood, Zach Saltera, Isaiah Garcia, Michelle Nguyen, Andres Rios, Jacqui Oropeza, Destiny Ugwa, Upasana Mukherjee, Ujala Sehar, P Hemachandra Reddy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

心脏老化涉及损害心脏功能的结构、功能、细胞和分子的进行性变化。这篇综述探讨了氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、自噬受损和慢性低度炎症的关键机制。过量的活性氧(ROS)会损伤心肌细胞,导致纤维化和细胞老化。线粒体功能障碍减少能量产生,增加氧化应激,加速心脏衰退。受损的自噬限制了受损蛋白质和细胞器的清除,而炎症激活了驱动组织重塑的信号分子。性别差异揭示了雌激素对绝经前女性的保护作用,男性更容易出现心肌功能障碍和损伤。绝经后,女性失去了这种激素保护,增加了患心血管疾病的风险。种族差异,特别是在服务不足的少数民族人群中,强调了诸如获得护理、环境和慢性压力等社会因素如何导致心血管结果恶化。冠状病毒大流行带来了进一步的挑战,增加了炎症、血栓和长期心力衰竭引起的心脏损伤的发生率,特别是在患有糖尿病和高血压等代谢疾病的老年人中。这种病毒与心脏和血管细胞上的受体相互作用,加上老年人免疫反应减弱,加剧了心脏老化。新兴疗法包括治疗性细胞外囊泡递送、免疫细胞调节和靶向线粒体的治疗。此外,生活方式策略,如定期体育锻炼、改善营养和减轻压力,对维持心脏健康至关重要。了解这些生物和社会因素是如何相互作用的,对于制定促进心脏健康衰老的有针对性的策略至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Age-associated changes in the heart: implications for COVID-19 therapies.

Cardiac aging involves progressive structural, functional, cellular, and molecular changes that impair heart function. This review explores key mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage heart muscle cells, contributing to fibrosis and cellular aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction reduces energy production and increases oxidative stress, accelerating cardiac decline. Impaired autophagy limits the removal of damaged proteins and organelles, while inflammation activates signaling molecules that drive tissue remodeling. Gender differences reveal estrogen's protective role in premenopausal women, with men showing greater susceptibility to heart muscle dysfunction and injury. After menopause, women lose this hormonal protection, increasing their risk of cardiovascular conditions. Ethnic disparities, particularly among underserved minority populations, emphasize how social factors such as access to care, environment, and chronic stress contribute to worsening cardiovascular outcomes. The coronavirus disease pandemic has introduced further challenges by increasing the incidence of heart damage through inflammation, blood clots, and long-term heart failure, especially in older adults with existing metabolic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. The virus's interaction with receptors on heart and blood vessel cells, along with a weakened immune response in older adults, intensifies cardiac aging. Emerging therapies include delivery of therapeutic extracellular vesicles, immune cell modulation, and treatments targeting mitochondria. In addition, lifestyle strategies such as regular physical activity, nutritional improvements, and stress reduction remain vital to maintaining cardiac health. Understanding how these biological and social factors intersect is critical to developing targeted strategies that promote healthy aging of the heart.

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来源期刊
Aging-Us
Aging-Us CELL BIOLOGY-
CiteScore
10.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
595
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Information not localized
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