MXene/tungsten-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets as conductive platforms for FeNi-Co-doped MnO2 Nanocomposites: Toward high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

The present manuscript has synthesized the innovative nanocomposite of tungsten decorated reduced graphene oxide (TGO) based FeNi codoped MnO₂ (TGO-3 % FeNi-MnO₂) which has better supercapacitor performance than the tungsten carbide (TC) MXene-based nanocomposite sample (TC-3 % FeNi-MnO₂). The first motive of the manuscript is to manufacture lower-cost materials with better properties with higher stability. Nowadays, worldwide researchers are focusing on MXene materials and reporting the best smart material for multiple applications but the present manuscript has done an innovative study and found that the graphene-based materials have good properties with higher stability like MXene samples. The prepared nanocomposite samples have been characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, BET, XPS, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation demonstrated that mixed phases of tetragonal α-MnO₂ and cubic α-Mn₂O₃ were observed. The nanocomposite of tungsten decorated reduced graphene oxide-based FeNi codoped MnO₂ has a nanorod-like morphology which was better than all synthesized samples. The higher capacitance found for the tungsten decorated reduced graphene oxide-based Fe-Ni codoped MnO₂ sample is 883 F g⁻¹. The impact of the surface area (317.42 m²/g), defects, and structural parameters on capacitance enhancement was studied in detail. The TGO-3 % FeNi-MnO₂ sample has higher surface defects which was attributed by XPS and fluorescence spectroscopy.