Plant-based phytochemicals as antibiotic alternatives for gangrene: a Sustainable approach to infection management

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has rendered conventional antibiotics less effective against severe infections such as gangrene, caused by Clostridium perfringens and other multidrug-resistant pathogens. This study explores plant-based phytochemicals, including malacidin, magainins, lactoferricin, defensins, thionins, protegrins, and indolicidin, as alternative antimicrobial agents, based on an extensive review primarily sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. These compounds exhibit multi-target mechanisms such as membrane disruption, biofilm inhibition, and immune modulation, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. Additionally, their synergistic potential with existing antibiotics enhances treatment efficacy against resistant pathogens. While phytochemicals demonstrate low toxicity and sustainability, challenges related to bioavailability and large-scale production require further research and clinical trials. This study underscores the potential of phytochemicals in redefining infection management and providing a sustainable approach to combating AMR.