肥胖:病理生理学和治疗干预。

IF 6.3 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Yue Kong, Haokun Yang, Rong Nie, Xuxiang Zhang, Fan Zuo, Hongtao Zhang, Xin Nian
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引用次数: 0

摘要

世卫组织流行病学调查显示,在过去几十年里,肥胖已从一个局部卫生问题转变为一个紧迫的全球公共卫生危机,影响全球6.5亿多成年人。作为一种以病理性脂肪组织扩张、慢性炎症和神经内分泌失调为特征的慢性代谢紊乱,它会破坏全身稳态和损害生理功能,肥胖很少是孤立的疾病;相反,它经常因严重的合并症而复杂化,这些合并症共同提高了死亡风险。尽管营养科学和公共卫生倡议取得了进展,但持续的体重管理成功率和肥胖预防仍然有限,这强调了肥胖是一种受遗传、环境和行为决定因素影响的多因素疾病。值得注意的是,肥胖患病率的不断上升及其在年轻人群中的早期发病,使得开发同时确保有效性和安全性的新型治疗药物变得更加紧迫。本综述旨在阐明肥胖的病理生理机制,分析其主要并发症,包括2型糖尿病(T2DM)、心血管疾病(CVD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、肥胖相关呼吸系统疾病、肥胖相关肾病(ORN)、肌肉骨骼损伤、恶性肿瘤和心理合并症,并批判性地评估当前的抗肥胖策略。特别强调新兴的药理学干预措施,例如植物衍生的天然化合物,如小檗碱(BBR),重点关注其分子机制,临床疗效和治疗优势。通过将机制见解与临床证据相结合,本综述旨在为开发安全、可及和有效的肥胖治疗方法提供创新的视角。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Obesity: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.

Over the past few decades, obesity has transitioned from a localized health concern to a pressing global public health crisis affecting over 650 million adults globally, as documented by WHO epidemiological surveys. As a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pathological adipose tissue expansion, chronic inflammation, and neuroendocrine dysregulation that disrupts systemic homeostasis and impairs physiological functions, obesity is rarely an isolated condition; rather, it is frequently complicated by severe comorbidities that collectively elevate mortality risks. Despite advances in nutritional science and public health initiatives, sustained weight management success rates and prevention in obesity remain limited, underscoring its recognition as a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and behavioral determinants. Notably, the escalating prevalence of obesity and its earlier onset in younger populations have intensified the urgency to develop novel therapeutic agents that simultaneously ensure efficacy and safety. This review aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity, analyze its major complications-including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity-related respiratory disorders, obesity-related nephropathy (ORN), musculoskeletal impairments, malignancies, and psychological comorbidities-and critically evaluate current anti-obesity strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging pharmacological interventions, exemplified by plant-derived natural compounds such as berberine (BBR), with a focus on their molecular mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and therapeutic advantages. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical evidence, this review seeks to provide innovative perspectives for developing safe, accessible, and effective obesity treatments.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
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审稿时长
10 weeks
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