[Antigen vaccines in melanoma: Towards a new therapeutic paradigm].

Locally advanced or metastatic melanoma is a cancer with a poor prognosis, characterised by its ability to respond to the induction of an immune response. Anti-tumour vaccination has been studied for many years, although initial results have sometimes been disappointing. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibiting immunotherapies has dramatically changed the prognosis. Melanoma has emerged as a prime model for renewed research into anti-tumour vaccination. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of recent developments and prospects for antigen vaccines in the treatment of melanoma. We will explore their mechanism of action, the results of recent clinical trials, and the limitations and challenges of this new therapeutic approach.